Is the population properly informed about sleep disorders?

Abstract

Epidemiological studies are unanimous regarding the high prevalence of sleep disorders, although there is a variation in the reported statistics 1,2 . This high prevalence and multiple comorbidities make sleep disorders a significant health issue for both adults and children. Sleep-related diseases are associated with sleep breathing disorders; behavioral, cardiovascular, dental, and learning disabilities; growth deficiency; craniofacial underdevelopment; and excessive daytime sleepiness, which is responsible for the high rates of traffic accidents 3,4 .Despite this epidemiological situation and the many consequences of these disturbances, the general public awareness of sleep disorders is limited. Effective public awareness and education programs should consider the specific characteristics of their target population 5,6 .The word 'complaint' refers to the symptoms reported by patients. From this perspective, we can consider that a patient who can recognize symptoms of possible diseases is more likely to seek early specialist support 7 . ABSTRACT Objective: To measure the prior knowledge about sleep disorders and patient's ability to report their problems adequately to health professionals. Methods: We analyzed 208 patient's records and extracted the following information: date of birth, gender, medical diagnostic hypotheses, patient's primary complaint in their words, considering the most appropriated semantic approximation to the perceptual phenomena, either by their own or by reasoning information from the partner. We compared the agreement (Kappa's test) between patient's complaint and medical diagnosis. The 95% confidence interval was used to analyze proportions. Results: We found strong correlations for bruxism; moderate for snoring, insomnia, nightmares, somniloquy, and restless legs syndrome; fair for excessive movement during sleep (EMDS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA). Conclusions: The observed correlations were heterogeneous, but important diseases such as OSA and EMDS in children showed fair and weak correlations. This suggests an unsatisfactory knowledge level among the population about these disorders, despite their high prevalence and impact on patient's overall health.Key words: sleep disorders, sleep apnea, obstructive, epidemiology, public health. RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento da população investigada sobre os distúrbios do sono e sua capacidade de reportá-los adequadamente aos profissionais de saúde. Métodos: Foram analisados 208 prontuários de pacientes, dos quais foram extraídos os seguintes dados: data de nascimento, sexo, hipótese diagnóstica médica e queixa principal do paciente. Foram comparadas as queixas e as hipóteses diagnósti-cas, considerando-se o intervalo de confiança de 95% para as proporções entre estas variáveis, determinando-se sua concordância por meio do teste Kappa. Resultados: Foram encontradas concordâncias acentuadas em relação ao bruxismo; moderadas para ronco, insônia, pesadelos, sonilóquio e síndrome das pernas inquietas; concordância regular pa...

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