Is the kafirin profile capable of modulating the ileal digestibility of amino acids in a soybean meal-sorghum diet fed to pigs?

Abstract

The effects of kafirins on protein and amino acid ileal digestibility have not been evaluated in vivo in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of protein profile on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids. We used a sorghum hybrid with low tannin content (<0.5%). The same hybrid was harvested from 2 different plots with different kafirin profile. Sorghum with greater content of total kafirins had less content of γ- and α1-kafirins and higher content of β- and α2-kafirins than that with lower content of total kafirins. Two sorghum-soybean meal (SBM) diets were formulated: 1) low kafirin (LK) content (32.2 g/kg) and 2) high kafirin (HK) content (48.1 g/kg). A control diet (maize-SBM) and a reference SBM-diet were also prepared. The reference diet was fed to all pigs following the experimental period and was used to estimate the AID of cereals by the difference method. “T” cannulas were fixed in the distal ileum of 18 barrows (6 by treatment), divided into 2 groups of 9 pigs. The pigs were fed 2.5 times their maintenance requirement of digestible energy (110 kcal/kg BW 0.75 ). The AID of dry matter, protein, amino acids, and energy of the experimental diets was measured; the AID of cereals (maize, LK sorghum and HK sorghum) was estimated by the difference method. The maize-SBM diet was more digestible than the sorghum-SBM diets, only with respect to valine ( P < 0.05). The AID of valine in the maize-SBM diet was higher than that in sorghum-SBM diets. The changes in kafirin profile between the diets only affected the AID of threonine ( P < 0.01), which decreased by 9.5 percentage units in LK diet compared with HK diet. Regarding the AID of cereals, maize exhibited greater AID than sorghum, with respect to valine ( P < 0.01) and serine ( P < 0.10). A comparison of sorghum with LK and HK content showed that the AID of threonine and serine increased by 50.5 ( P < 0.001) and 19.2 percentage units ( P < 0.05) in the latter, respectively. The higher content of γ-kafirins in LK sorghum negatively affected threonine and serine digestibility, implying that the AID of amino acids is affected more by the profile than the content of kafirins.

Predicción de la composición química de las heces y digesta ileal de cerdos mediante espectroscopia de reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS)

“…El trabajo se realizó en el Centro Nacional de Investigación en Fisiología y Mejoramiento Animal (CENID-Fisiología), en Ajuchitlán Querétaro. Las muestras de digesta ileal y heces se obtuvieron de experimentos realizados previamente (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) , en los cuales se determinó la digestibilidad ileal y fecal de la materia seca (MS), energía (E) y proteína cruda (PC), y la digestibilidad ileal de los aminoácidos (AA). En todos los experimentos se respetaron los lineamientos de la CIOMS (16) y de la Norma Oficial Mexicana para la producción, cuidado y uso de los animales de laboratorio (17) .…”

Principales aportes de la investigación del INIFAP a la nutrición porcina en México: retos y perspectivas

“…El programa de investigación en Nutrición Porcina primeramente compiló información de los coeficientes de digestibilidad ileal estandarizada de diversas materias primas (86) ; pero posteriormente el INIFAP contribuyó a la metodología de estudio de la digestibilidad ileal de los aminoácidos (61) , así como a la estimación de las pérdidas endógenas basales del nitrógeno y aminoácidos tanto en lechones como para cerdos en crecimiento (69,71) lo que permitió generar información sobre los coeficientes de digestibilidad ileal estandarizada de los aminoácidos de los principales cereales utilizados en México: sorgo (87)(88)(89) , maíz (90) ; y de diversas fuentes de proteína: pasta de ajonjolí (67) , de cártamo (91) , de canola (68,92) , gluten feed (90) . En lo que respecta al uso del fósforo digestible, el INIFAP ha realizado investigación sobre el impacto del uso de la enzima fitasa sobre el incremento en la digestibilidad del fósforo de diversas materias primas (66,93,94) .…”