Is the Gut Microbiota a New Factor Contributing to Obesity and Its Metabolic Disorders?

Harris, Kristina A.; Kassis, Amira; Major, Geneviève; Chou, Chieh Jason

doi:10.1155/2012/879151

Cited by 174 publications

(179 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…The characterization of the gut microbial composition and comparing it between patients and healthy individuals is regarded as one way of identifying a healthy microbial ecosystem (43). Indeed, a few studies have examined dysbiosis in NAFLD ( Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

Mokhtari

Gibson

Hekmatdoost

2017

Advances in Nutrition

131

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the world, yet the pathogenesis of the disease is not well elucidated. Due to the close anatomic and functional association between the intestinal lumen and the liver through the portal system, it is speculated that the gut microbiome may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, diet, which can modulate the gut microbiome and several metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD development, shows a potential tripartite relation between the gut, diet, and the liver. In this review, we summarize the current evidence that supports the association between NAFLD, the gut microbiome, and the role of diet. Adv Nutr 2017;8:240-52.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

Mokhtari

Gibson

Hekmatdoost

2017

Advances in Nutrition

131

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“…Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in human obesity (Harris et al 2012;Aguirre et al 2014;Guida and Venema 2015). Several important discoveries have been made from which we highlight: (i) the impact of dietary components on the composition of gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The art of targeting gut microbiota for tackling human obesity

Aguirre

Venema

2015

Genes Nutr

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Recently, a great deal of interest has been expressed regarding strategies to tackle worldwide obesity because of its accelerated wide spread accompanied with numerous negative effects on health and high costs. Obesity has been traditionally associated with an imbalance in energy consumed when compared to energy expenditure. However, growing evidence suggests a less simplistic event in which gut microbiota plays a key role. Obesity, in terms of microbiota, is a complicated disequilibrium that presents many unclear complications. Despite this, there is special interest in characterizing compositionally and functionally the obese gut microbiota with the help of in vitro, animal and human studies. Considering the gut microbiota as a factor contributing to human obesity represents a tool of great therapeutic potential. This paper reviews the use of antimicrobials, probiotics, fecal microbial therapy, prebiotics and diet to manipulate obesity through the human gut microbiota and reveals inconsistencies and implications for future study.

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“…Acetate and propionate are absorbed into portal circulation [56]. Acetate as a component of acetyl-CoA is believed to increase plasma cholesterol by contributing to cholesterol synthesis while propionate may decrease cholesterol levels by inhibiting acetate to acetyl-CoA conversion [57]. The decrease in the acetic acid-to-propionic acid ratio was suggested as a possible indicator of the hypolipidemic effect of prebiotics (inulin and fructooligosaccharides) [58].…”

Section: The Role Of Microbiota-derived Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiome-Brain Communications Regulate Host Physiology and Behavior

Lee¹,

Serre²

2015

JNHFS

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cell injury [6], metabolic regulation [7], GI tract development [8], innate and adaptive immune responses, and absorption of nutrients [9,10]. Alterations in microbiota composition and dysregulation of the intestinal mucosa homeostasis have been implicated in the development and progression of pathologies. This compositional change in the microbiota and/ or an abnormality in the interactions between the host and the commensal microbiota is referred to as dysbiosis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to chronic low-grade intestinal inflammation and acute intestinal autoimmunity diseases such as Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) [11,12]. Abnormal microbiota composition is associated with a wide range of metabolic and behavioral disorders, such as anxiety/depression [13][14][15] [26]. GI microbiota dysbiosis might also be involved in the development and persistence of systemic disorders [27]. For example, obesity has been characterized by a decrease in overall diversity [28] and an increase in Proteobacteria abundance and in the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio [28,29] and microbiota composition is believed to influence energy balance and glucose homeostasis [30][31][32].Evidence that changes in microbiota composition are correlated with metabolic and behavioral disorders has drawn attention to a potential causal role for the microbiota in pathologies and has led to the emergence of the 'microbiota-gutbrain axis' concept [33][34][35]. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system between the GI tract and the brain [36] via hormonal, immunological, and neural signaling. Information from the GI tract and the intestinal microbiota can reach the peripheral and Central Nervous System (CNS), concurrently the brain is able to influence GI functions such as motility and secretion but also immune responses and cytokine production [36,37]. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain AxisThe gut microbiota can modulate gut-brain axis signaling via direct and indirect mechanisms. The microbiota acts via endocrine, metabolic (bacterial components and metabolites), AbstractThe human gut microbiota contains more than 100 trillion bacteria that, under normal physiological conditions, have beneficial symbiotic interactions with the host. However, a growing body of evidence has shown that alternations in the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota, or dysbiosis, can influence the development and progress of metabolic and neurological disorders. Communication between the microbiota and the brain is a bidirectional system involving endocrine, metabolic (bacterial components and metabolites), immune, and neural pathways. Gut microbiota composition influences the signals transmitted from the gut to the brain. Alternatively, the brain utilizes similar mechanisms, in particular endocrine and neural signaling, to modulate the composition of the gut bacteria. In this review, we describe the recent evidence of gut microbiota interaction with the central nervous system to influence physiological a...

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Is the Gut Microbiota a New Factor Contributing to Obesity and Its Metabolic Disorders?

Cited by 174 publications

References 110 publications

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet

The art of targeting gut microbiota for tackling human obesity

Gut Microbiome-Brain Communications Regulate Host Physiology and Behavior

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