Is the ‘error negativity’ specific to errors?

Vidal, Franck; Hasbroucq, Thierry; Grapperon, Jacques; Bonnet, Michel

doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00032-0

Cited by 468 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Alternatively, the ERN conflict-detection model holds that the ERN merely reflects the degree of response conflict experienced by subjects (Cohen et al, 2000;Botvinik et al, 2001). This theory fits well with data showing ERNs or anterior cingulate activity for correct responses (Carter et al, 1998;Luu et al, 2000;Scheffers and Coles, 2000;Vidal et al, 2000) and responses showing a higher degree of motor conflict (Barch et al, 2000;Gehring and Fencsik, 2001;van Veen et al, 2001). As pointed out by Paus (2001), the ERN conflict-detection model emphasizes the "evaluative" nature of the anterior cingulate cortex.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

2002

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Using event-related brain potentials, the time course of error detection and correction was studied in healthy human subjects. A feedforward model of error correction was used to predict the timing properties of the error and corrective movements. Analysis of the multichannel recordings focused on (1) the error-related negativity (ERN) seen immediately after errors in response-and stimulus-locked averages and (2) on the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) reflecting motor preparation. Comparison of the onset and time course of the ERN and LRP components showed that the signs of corrective activity preceded the ERN. Thus, error correction was implemented before or at least in parallel with the appearance of the ERN component. Also, the amplitude of the ERN component was increased for errors, followed by fast corrective movements. The results are compatible with recent views considering the ERN component as the output of an evaluative system engaged in monitoring motor conflict.

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

2002

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“…This increased difficulty could produce large CRNs for two reasons. First, if the post-response negativity reflects the process of self-monitoring ("checking" one's own performance) rather than error detection per se, as some have argued (e.g., Vidal et al, 2000), a perceptually difficult task could logically lead to increased self-monitoring and therefore a large post-response negativity on correct trials. Alternatively, if the post-response negativity reflects error detection per se, as others have argued (Coles et al, 2001), the increased task difficulty may produce ERN-like activity on correct trials because participants sometimes think they have erred on those trials even when they haven't.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While some argue that the ERN reflects a specific process of error-detection (Coles, Scheffers, & Holroyd, 2001), others posit that it taps a more general process of performance-checking (e.g., Vidal, Hasbroucq, Grapperon, & Bonnet, 2000) or detection of conflict (Gehring & Fencsik, 2001;Yeung, Botvinick, & Cohen, 2004). Alternatively, some researchers propose that the ERN may index emotional distress elicited by mistakes (e.g., Bush et al, 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety and error monitoring: Increased error sensitivity or altered expectations?

Compton

Carp

Chaddock

et al. 2007

Brain and Cognition

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This study tested the prediction that the error-related negativity (ERN), a physiological measure of error monitoring, would be enhanced in anxious individuals, particularly in conditions with threatening cues. Participants made gender judgments about faces whose expressions were either happy, angry, or neutral. Replicating prior studies, midline scalp negativities were greater following errors than following correct responses. In addition, state anxiety interacted with facial expression to predict ERN amplitudes. Counter to predictions, participants high in state anxiety displayed smaller ERNs for angry-face blocks and larger ERNs for happy-face blocks, compared to less anxious participants. These results are inconsistent with the simple notion that anxiety enhances errorsensitivity globally. Rather, we interpret the findings within an expectancy violation framework, in which anxious participants have altered expectations for success and failure in the context of happy and angry facial cues, with greater ERN amplitudes when expectations are violated.

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“…Vidal et al, 2000). That an ERN-like response could be observed in the absence of an error or in the absence of any obvious response conflict (Vidal, Burle, Bonnet, Grapperon, & Hasbroucq, 2003;Vidal et al, 2000) has challenged errordetection, reinforcement-learning and response-conflict models of the ERN. Recall, from our examination of correct trials that preceded error trials, that error-preceding trials are characterized by a relative positivity just after response execution.…”

Section: Theme 2: Correct-response Negativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The way of our errors: Theme and variations

2010

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Negative feedback, either internal or external, is a fundamental guide to human learning and performance. The neural system that underlies the monitoring of performance and the adjustment of behavior has been subject to multiple neuroimaging investigations that uniformly implicate the anterior cingulate cortex and other prefrontal structures as crucial to these executive functions. The present article describes a series of experiments that employed event-related potentials to study a variety of processes associated with internal or external feedback. Three medial-frontal negativities (error-related negativity, correct-response negativity, feedback-related negativity) are highlighted, each of which plays an important role in the monitoring and dynamic adjustment of behavior. Extensions of basic research on these ERPs to questions relevant to clinical-science are also provided.

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Is the ‘error negativity’ specific to errors?

Cited by 468 publications

References 27 publications

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

Time Course of Error Detection and Correction in Humans: Neurophysiological Evidence

Anxiety and error monitoring: Increased error sensitivity or altered expectations?

The way of our errors: Theme and variations

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