Is the energy density a reliable parameter for materials synthesis by selective laser melting?

Prashanth, K.G.; Scudino, Sergio; Maity, T.; Das, J.; Eckert, J.

doi:10.1080/21663831.2017.1299808

Cited by 322 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…[91,99] Their macroscopic strength depends on the underlying microstructure, which is the direct result of the manufacturing process and thus, highly depends on the quality of the process, the machine setup, and the individual parameters. [105][106][107][108][109][110] The hatch distance, for example, is the distance between two neighboring scan tracks and thus, greatly corresponds with the remolten fraction of the previously fabricated scan track, ensuring a proper connection among the single weld beads of a layer. [101][102][103][104] However, the energy density comprises multiple parameters, which all individually influence the process in their own individual manner, and thus, similar energy densities can result in various outcomes.…”

Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

et al. 2018

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Additive manufacturing has multiple advantages over conventional fabrication techniques, such as the geometrical freedom and, to a great extent, the omission of tooling equipment. Hence, futuristic designs and non-standard topology-optimized structures can be fabricated without causing noteworthy extra cost, since the geometrical complexity is, exaggeratedly spoken, for free. The manufacturing time and the amount of required raw material are the key criteria, which determine the expenses. What at first glance appears as an engineer's dream, introduces its complexity in the description of the material's characteristics and their volatility to the manufacturing conditions. Within this study, the main properties (i.e., surface hardness, tensile, and compression strength, as well as fracture toughness) and their anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature are addressed. Detailed overviews of the progress to date for aluminum, iron, titanium, cobalt, and nickel based raw materials are provided. Furthermore, an overview about the state-of-the-art in the medical sector is included, comprising the areas of utilization and several trail studies.

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Section: Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

et al. 2018

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“…Equation (1) does not consider the effect of a single factor such as hatching distance, however, which was also taken into account during the parameter optimization [9,19]. With the decrease in the laser power, the tensile properties deteriorate because of the increasing amount of keyhole porosity [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Relative Density of the AlSi10Mg Parts and Suitable Procedures of the Archimedes Method

et al. 2019

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In view of the importance of accurately measuring the relative density of a selective laser melted (SLMed) part for optimizing the selective laser melting (SLM) processing parameters, suitable procedures of the Archimedes method considering the surface-connected cavities were proposed by comparing the results using the Archimedes method with image analysis. The effects of the SLM processing parameters on the relative density of AlSi10Mg were investigated using the proposed procedures of the Archimedes methods and image analysis. Fourteen SLMed samples were produced by different SLM processing parameters according to Doehlert Matrix. The regression models correlating relative density and three SLM processing parameters (laser power, scan speed, and hatching distance) were built and the optimum parameter combination to get a high relative density was obtained. By plotting the response surfaces and contours of the regression models, it was found that the relative densities are both higher at the combination of the higher scan speed, higher power, and lower hatching distance and at the combination of a lower scan speed, a moderate laser power, and a optional hatching distance. It was also found that the parameter of hatching distance is the crucial parameter to get a high relative density and to get high mechanical property.

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“…SLM can quickly and accurately produce metallic components of any complex shape on the SLM equipment through 3D CAD data directly [3,4,5]. In the SLM, the 3D CAD model is imported into the SLM software system and afterwards sliced into layers with a certain thickness [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Heat Treatment Influence on the Microstructure and Hardness of TC4 Titanium Alloy Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting

Zhao

Bai

et al. 2018

Materials

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In this research, the effect of several heat treatments on the microstructure and microhardness of TC4 (Ti6Al4V) titanium alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) is studied. The results showed that the original acicular martensite α′-phase in the TC4 alloy formed by SLM is converted into a lamellar mixture of α + β for heat treatment temperatures below the critical temperature (T0 at approximately 893 °C). With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the size of the lamellar mixture structure inside of the TC4 part gradually grows. When the heat treatment temperature is above T0, because the cooling rate is relatively steep, the β-phase recrystallization transforms into a compact secondary α-phase, and a basketweave structure can be found because the primary α-phase develop and connect or cross each other with different orientations. The residence time for TC4 SLM parts when the treatment temperature is below the critical temperature has little influence: both the α-phase and the β-phase will tend to coarsen but hinder each other, thereby limiting grain growth. The microhardness gradually decreases with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated below the critical temperature. Conversely, the microhardness increases significantly with increasing temperature when the TC4 SLM part is treated above the critical temperature.

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Is the energy density a reliable parameter for materials synthesis by selective laser melting?

Cited by 322 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

A Review of Metal Fabricated with Laser‐ and Powder‐Bed Based Additive Manufacturing Techniques: Process, Nomenclature, Materials, Achievable Properties, and its Utilization in the Medical Sector

The Effects of Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Relative Density of the AlSi10Mg Parts and Suitable Procedures of the Archimedes Method

The Heat Treatment Influence on the Microstructure and Hardness of TC4 Titanium Alloy Manufactured via Selective Laser Melting

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