Is the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale valid for use in the investigation of European nurses’ attitudes towards the mentally ill? A confirmatory factor analytic approach

Morris, R. Curtis; Pearce, Scott; Cocoman, Angela; Chambers, Mary; Guise, Veslemøy; Välimäki, Maritta; Clinton, Gerard

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05739.x

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…It has been widely used in research in different populations (Morris et al, 2012). The CAMI consists of four subscales, two of which measure stigma [called “Authoritarianism” (CAMI-A) and “Benevolence” (CAMI-B)], one measuring fear of the mentally ill [called “Social Restrictiveness, SR” (CAMI-SR)], and one measuring acceptance of the mentally ill in the community [called “Community Mental Health Ideology, CMHI” (CAMI-CMHI)].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective

Krameddine¹,

DeMarco²,

Hassel³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychiatry

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Police and law enforcement providers frequently come into contact with individuals who have psychiatric disorders, sometimes with tragic results. Repeated studies suggest that greater understanding of psychiatric conditions by police officers would be beneficial. Here we present a novel approach to training police officers to improve their interactions with those who might have a mental illness. This approach involved developing a carefully scripted role-play training, which involved police officers (n = 663) interacting with highly trained actors during six realistic scenarios. The primary goal of the training was to improve empathy, communication skills, and the ability of officers to de-escalate potentially difficult situations. Uniquely, feedback was given to officers after each scenario by several individuals including experienced police officers, a mental health professional, and by the actors involved (with insights such as “this is how you made me feel”). Results showed that there were no changes in attitudes of the police toward the mentally ill comparing data at baseline and at 6 months after the training in those who completed both ratings (n = 170). In contrast, there were significant improvements in directly measured behaviors (n = 142) as well as in indirect measurements of behavior throughout the police force. Thus, compared to previous years, there was a significant increase in the recognition of mental health issues as a reason for a call (40%), improved efficiency in dealing with mental health issues, and a decrease in weapon or physical interactions with mentally ill individuals. The training cost was $120 per officer but led to significant cost savings (more than $80,000) in the following 6 months. In conclusion, this novel 1-day training course significantly changed behavior of police officers in meaningful ways and also led to cost savings. We propose that this training model could be adopted by other police agencies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective

Krameddine¹,

DeMarco²,

Hassel³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychiatry

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“…By conducting analyses based on a factor structure that was initially hypothesised (e.g., Taylor & Dear, 1981) but not supported (e.g., Högberg et al, 2008;Morris et al, 2012), meaningful changes in attitudes may not be clearly reflected by patterns of change in the factor scores. In other words, if the factor structure of a measure is not sound and replicable, stigma reduction interventions may not be able to demonstrate changes in dimensions of attitudes, even if they exist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies use the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill scale (CAMI: Taylor & Dear, 1981), whose four-factor structure has not been reliably replicated across samples (Brockington, Hall, Levings, & Murphy, 1993;Högberg, Magnusson, Ewertzon, & Lützén, 2008;Morris et al, 2012;Sevigny et al, 1999;Wolff, Pathare, Craig, & Leff, 1996). Many scale developers in the area overlook issues of construct validity such as convergent and discriminant validity (see Cronbach & Meehl, 1955), which are key to the development of new measures (e.g., Aromaa, Tolvanen, Tuulari, & Wahlbeck, 2010;Luty, Fekadu, Umoh, & Gallagher, 2006;Svensson et al, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Learn and ACT: Changing prejudice towards people with mental illness using stigma reduction interventions

Kenny

Bizumić

2016

Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science

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“…The third section contained the Swedish version of the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI) instrument (Hogberg and colleagues (2008). The original CAMI and LOC have been used extensively since and has shown high validity and reliability (Morris et al, 2011;Ukpong & Abasiubong, 2010;Barke et al, 2011).The self-report questionnaire was not translated into French as long as English is the teaching medium in high learning institutions in Rwanda.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Student nurses’s stigmatising attitudes towards persons with a mental disorder in a selected school of nursing and midwifery in Rwanda

Vedaste¹

2017

RWJour

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Mental disorders (MD) contribute significantly to global burden of disease and this is the fourth leading cause of global disability. To find out the solutions of this issue, the World Health Organization recommended integration of mental health care into general health care facilities and nurses have an important role in implementation of WHO recommendation regarding the integration. A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among student nurses in a selected School of Nursing & Midwifery in Rwanda. A self-report questionnaire that included one section for demographic variables and two sections such as level of contact and the Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness -Swedish version has been used. The self-report questionnaire was distributed to available students (N=158). These student nurses were not sampled and were all included in the audit. There were two reasons for this. Firstly, the hospital rotation of students during their clinical placement and full integration of mental services within the hospital meant that all student nurses allocated at the hospital had an equal chance of caring for MHCUs. Secondly, the researcher aimed to obtain sufficient numbers for statistical power in the data analysis, which necessitated at least 100 participants (Polit & Beck, 2012). The next step was data analysis where SPSS version 20 was used. This study revealed that participants held negative stereotypes towards persons with MD. However, the findings revealed contradictions that are suggested to be the effect of social desirability bias. Association test revealed less negatives stereotypes towards MD amongst year 4 students and students with scientific background than year 1, 2 & 3 students and students with social sciences background. Also, correlation test revealed that increases in Level of contact with MD correlates with decrease of negative stereotypes towards persons with MD.

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Is the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill scale valid for use in the investigation of European nurses’ attitudes towards the mentally ill? A confirmatory factor analytic approach

Abstract: Further research is recommended to develop a valid and reliable research tool to specifically measure the attitudes of 'nurses' working across different mental healthcare facilities towards this vulnerable patient group.

Cited by 40 publications

References 35 publications

A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective

A Novel Training Program for Police Officers that Improves Interactions with Mentally Ill Individuals and is Cost-Effective

Learn and ACT: Changing prejudice towards people with mental illness using stigma reduction interventions

Student nurses’s stigmatising attitudes towards persons with a mental disorder in a selected school of nursing and midwifery in Rwanda

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