Is the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 an Appropriate Diet Indicator of Metabolic Health? Insights from Dietary Pattern Analysis in the PREDISE Study

Abstract

The objective of this study was to identify key elements from the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide that should be included in a diet quality score aiming to reflect the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary intakes of 998 adults (mean age: 43.2 years, 50% women) were used to obtain the Canadian Healthy Eating Index 2007 (C-HEI 2007) and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI) scores, as well as a dietary pattern (DP) generated by the reduced rank regression (RRR) method. Based on these three scores, a modified version of the C-HEI 2007 (Modified C-HEI) was then proposed. The prevalence ratio (PR) of MetS was examined across diet quality scores using multivariate binomial regression analysis. A higher AHEI, Modified C-HEI, and a lower score for DP were all associated with a significantly lower prevalence of MetS (PR = 0.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28, 0.64; PR = 0.39; 95% CI 0.23, 0.63; and PR = 0.48; 95% CI 0.31, 0.74, respectively), whereas C-HEI 2007 was not (PR = 0.68; 95% CI 0.47, 1.00). Results suggest that a Modified C-HEI that considers key elements from the C-HEI 2007 and the AHEI, as well the DP, shows that participants with a higher score are less likely to have MetS.

Food Liking-Based Diet Quality Indexes (DQI) Generated by Conceptual and Machine Learning Explained Variability in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Young Adults

“…The present study found that the hybrid derived diet quality index produced the strongest associations with the cardiometabolic risk factor score, with greatest weights for the liking for vegetables (liking associated with less cardiometabolic risk) and carbohydrate and fat foods (sweets, saturated fats, refined and complex carbohydrates associated with greater cardiometabolic risk). This finding agrees with previous studies of metabolic health and diet quality with improved associations by using a data-driven diet quality score over a priori [69] or analysis of population-based data to clarify recommendations through a hybrid approach of conceptually-based food groups and patterns identified through reduced rank regression analysis [70]. Hybrid methods benefit from a priori methods with the underlying structure of dietary patterns [37].…”

Association Between Korean-Style Balanced Diet and Risk of Abdominal Obesity in Korean Adults: An Analysis Using KNHANES-VI (2013–2016)

“…Previous studies have some gender differences in eating habits on obesity and metabolic syndrome ( 15 , 16 ). HEI is modified in different countries according to ethnic eating patterns ( 17 – 19 ). A Korean HEI (KHEI) reflecting healthy eating patterns has been developed by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( 17 ).…”

Diet Quality, Saturated Fat and Metabolic Syndrome

“…Specifically, the aHEI was inversely associated with waist circumference, blood pressure, and glucose among Mexicans and Puerto Ricans and with TG among Mexicans only, and was positively associated with HDL-C among Puerto Ricans and Central Americans [ 25 ]. We have also shown a similar inverse association between the aHEI and the prevalence of MetS in a cross-sectional analysis of 998 men and women from the province of Québec, in Canada [ 26 ]. In a cross-sectional analysis of 775 healthy women from the Nurses’ Health Study, the aHEI was inversely associated with leptin and insulin concentrations but showed no association with other cardiometabolic risk factors traditionally associated with MetS [ 27 ].…”