Is suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) associated with subclinical depression in the Danish General Suburban Population Study?

Kvetny, Jan; Ellervik, Christina; Bech, Per

doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.972454

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Persons with hypothyroidism are at a risk of depression and have also been suggested by several authors. [ 33 34 35 36 ] Hence, our study also is in concordance with the previous data regarding the comorbidity of depression and hypothyroidism as 60%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism

Bathla

Singh

Relan

2016

Indian J Endocr Metab

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Context:The association between depression and thyroid function is well known. Both conditions express many similar symptoms, thus making the diagnosis and treatment difficult.Aims:To find the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroid.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional study.Materials and Methodology:A total of 100 patients diagnosed as hypothyroidism were evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton scale for anxiety (HAM-A).Statistical Analysis Used:The data were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows version 17.0 software. The quantitative data were expressed in number and percentage. The results obtained were compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Females constituted 70% of the sample. A total of 60% reported some degree of depression based on HDRS (males – 56.63% and females – 64.29%) whereas about 63% out of the total patients screened showed some degree of anxiety (males –56.66% and females – 65.72%) based on HAM-A. The most common depressive symptom among the males was depressed mood (73.33%) and among females was gastrointestinal somatic symptoms (68.54%). The most common anxiety symptom among the males was depressed mood (70.0%) and among females was anxious mood (92.85%).Conclusions:Psychiatric symptoms/disorders are common in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism

Bathla

Singh

Relan

2016

Indian J Endocr Metab

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“…Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism was defined as TSH > 3.7 mU/L and fT 4 and tT 3 within the reference interval, no history of thyroid disease, and no intake of T 4 /T 3 or antithyroid medication. Controls were defined as having 0.4 < TSH ≤ 3.7 mU/L and fT 4 and tT 3 within the reference interval, no history of thyroid disease, and no intake of T 4 /T 3 or antithyroid medication [ 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Fertility Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Danish General Suburban Population Study

Feldthusen

Pedersen

Larsen

et al. 2015

Journal of Pregnancy

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Introduction. The aim of this study was to estimate the significance of TSH, thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism in women from The Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS) on the number of children born, the number of pregnancies, and the number of spontaneous abortions. Methods. Retrospective cross sectional study of 11254 women participating in GESUS. Data included biochemical measurements and a self-administrated questionnaire. Results. 6.7% had mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism and 9.4% prevalent hypothyroidism. In women with mild hypothyroidism TPOAb was significantly elevated and age at first child was older compared to controls. TSH and TPOAb were negatively linearly associated with the number of children born and the number of pregnancies in the full cohort in age-adjusted and multiadjusted models. TSH or TPOAb was not associated with spontaneous abortions. Mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism was associated with a risk of not having children and a risk of not getting pregnant in age-adjusted and multiadjusted models. Prevalent hypothyroidism was not associated with the number of children born, the number of pregnancies, or spontaneous abortions. Conclusion. Impaired fertility is associated with TSH, TPOAb, and mild (subclinical) hypothyroidism in a Danish population of women.

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“…Evidence for the association between TSH levels and depression is conflicting, and even though it is complicated to compare our study to other cross‐sectional analysis, it is possible that our findings expand the results of three previous studies on subjects with subclinical thyroid dysfunction and euthyroidism. A study by Kvetny et al 5 , which analysed a sample of 14,787 men and women from the Danish General Suburban Population Study (GESUS), found that low TSH levels were associated with higher prevalence of depression, when assessed using the Major Depression Inventory. Panicker et al 6 , with a sample of 33,234 from The Nord‐Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT study), found that higher TSH levels were associated with lower risk of depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To assess the possible relationship between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and depression, studies have focused on thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. In cross‐sectional analysis, studies reported an association between low TSH levels and depression in men 4,5 and women 5 . Furthermore, high TSH levels were associated with lower risk of depression in men 6 and women 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and incident depression: Results from the ELSA‐Brasil study

Varella

Janovsky

Goulart

et al. 2021

Clinical Endocrinology

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Objective This study aimed to prospectively evaluate whether TSH levels at baseline were associated with incident depression after four years of follow‐up in a cohort of middle‐aged adults, the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA‐Brasil). Methods TSH and free‐thyroxine (FT4) levels were evaluated at baseline. Depression diagnoses were performed using the Clinical Interview Schedule—Revised (CIS‐R) at baseline and after a 4‐year follow‐up. Poisson regression models (95% Confidence Intervals) were built to evaluate the association between TSH quintiles at baseline and incident depression. All analyses were stratified by sex. Models were presented crude, adjusted for age and sex; and further adjusted for race, education, BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, use of antidepressants/benzodiazepines, kidney function and comorbidities. Results Mean age was 51.5 years, and 51.2% were women. Overall, low TSH levels (1st quintile) were associated with incident depression (adjusted RR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.02–1.81), remaining significant for women (adjusted RR = 1.64, 95% CI 1.15–2.33), but not for men. The same results were found when restricting analysis to euthyroid participants (adjusted RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.99), also significant for women only (adjusted RR = 1.63, 95% CI 1.12–2.38). Conclusions Our results showed that low TSH levels were positively associated with incident depression, particularly among women. Similar results were found when restricting the analysis to euthyroid participants. In contrast, high TSH levels were inversely associated with incident depression, also among women.

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Is suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) associated with subclinical depression in the Danish General Suburban Population Study?

Abstract: This population-based study supports that persons with suppressed TSH (subclinical hyperthyroidism) seem to have a risk, although small, of subclinical depression.

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism

Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroidism

Impaired Fertility Associated with Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: The Danish General Suburban Population Study

Thyroid‐stimulating hormone levels and incident depression: Results from the ELSA‐Brasil study

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