Abstract-This paper presents an overview of the ORBIT (Open Access Research Testbed for Next-Generation Wireless Networks) radio grid testbed 1 , that is currently being developed for scalable and reproducible evaluation of next-generation wireless network protocols. The ORBIT testbed consists of an indoor radio grid emulator for controlled experimentation and an outdoor field trial network for end-user evaluations in real-world settings. The radio grid system architecture is described in further detail including an identification of key hardware and software components. Software design considerations are discussed for the open-access radio node, and for the system-level controller that handles management and control. The process of specifying and running experiments on the ORBIT testbed is explained using simple examples. Experimental scripts and sample results are also provided.

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To identify regions of the mitochondrial genome that potentially could specify the "Polima" (pol) cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) of Brassica napus, transcripts of 14 mitochondrial genes from nap (male fertile), pol (male sterile), and nuclear fertility-restored pol cytoplasm plants were analyzed. Transcriptional differences among these plants were detected only with the ATPase subunit 6 (atp6) gene. Structural analysis of the atp6 gene regions of pol and nap mitochondrial DNAs showed that rearrangements in the pol mitochondrial genome occurring upstream of atp6 have generated a chimeric 224-codon open reading frame, designated orf224, that is cotranscribed with atp6. In CMS plants, most transcripts of this region are dicistronic, comprising both orf224 and atp6 sequences. Nuclear restorer genes at either of two distinct loci appear to specifically alter this transcript pattern such that monocistronic atp6 transcripts predominate. The differences in expression of this region appear to result, in part, from differential processing of a tRNA-like element comprising a tRNA pseudogene present immediately upstream of atp6 in both the sterile and fertile mitochondrial DNAs. Possible mechanisms by which expression of the orf224/atp6 locus and the Polima CMS trait may be specifically related are considered.

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Context:The association between depression and thyroid function is well known. Both conditions express many similar symptoms, thus making the diagnosis and treatment difficult.Aims:To find the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients with hypothyroid.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional study.Materials and Methodology:A total of 100 patients diagnosed as hypothyroidism were evaluated using Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and Hamilton scale for anxiety (HAM-A).Statistical Analysis Used:The data were analyzed using the SPSS for Windows version 17.0 software. The quantitative data were expressed in number and percentage. The results obtained were compared using the Chi-square test.Results:Females constituted 70% of the sample. A total of 60% reported some degree of depression based on HDRS (males – 56.63% and females – 64.29%) whereas about 63% out of the total patients screened showed some degree of anxiety (males –56.66% and females – 65.72%) based on HAM-A. The most common depressive symptom among the males was depressed mood (73.33%) and among females was gastrointestinal somatic symptoms (68.54%). The most common anxiety symptom among the males was depressed mood (70.0%) and among females was anxious mood (92.85%).Conclusions:Psychiatric symptoms/disorders are common in patients with thyroid dysfunction.

Background:There is an increasing amount of stress in undergraduate dental students leading to anxiety, depression, and suicidal attempts/suicide.Aims:This study aims to evaluate anxiety, depression and suicidal intent in undergraduate dental students and to find out the various areas of stress.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire (to assess academic and nonacademic areas of stress) and three scales-Hamilton scale for anxiety (HAM-A); Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) and Beck's Suicide Intent Scale (BSI). Descriptive statistics; Pearson's Chi-square test; Multiple ANOVA; Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test were used to analyze the data at the significant level of P ≤ 0.05.Results:In a total of 258 dental undergraduate students, academic areas of stress that were found to be statistically significant were long teaching hours (P = 0.002); high workload (P ≤ 0.001); frequency of tests (P ≤ 0.001) and competition/fear of failure (P = 0.009). Lack of interest in the profession was a statistically significant nonacademic area for stress (P ≤ 0.001). The students of first and final year reported higher anxiety (HAM-A 13.93 ± 6.908 and 16.44 ± 7.637 respectively) and depression (HDRS 14.29 ± 6.302 and 14.22 ± 5.422); whereas suicidal intent was reported almost the same throughout the study sample (BSI 5.65 ± 5.465).Conclusion:An increasing level of anxiety, depression and suicidal intent due to various stressors in undergraduate dental students indicate a need to modify current education system and timely help to have psychological healthy dental professionals in future.

This paper presents the software architecture of the ORBIT radio grid testbed 1 . We describe the requirements for supporting the lifecycle of an experiment and how they influenced the overall design of the architecture. We specifically highlight those components and services which will be visible to a user of the ORBIT testbed.

Biamphiphilic ionic liquids (BAILs) having amphiphilic cation and anion are thought to exhibit improved surface activity and colloidal stability to be utilized in different applications. For their effective use, a control over synergetic hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between oppositely charged ions along with the possibility of tuning of hydrophobicity of the core of aggregates is required. Focusing on this, new BAILs comprising a bile salt anion, deoxycholate, [DC] − , and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations, [C n mim] + (n = 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12), were synthesized and characterized for their behavior at air−solution interface as well as in bulk. The synthesized BAILs exhibit high surface activity and selfassemble in the form of different architectures ranging from nanosheets (NSs), nanorods, and vesicles with varying hydrophobicities of the formed core of aggregates, depending on the length of alkyl chain of [C n mim] + . Analysis of various parameters obtained from investigated techniques suggested the changing role of [C n mim] + from a counterion (n = 2 and 4) to a cosurfactant (n = 8 and 12) via a borderline case of [C 6 mim] + . This changeover in the nature of counterion controlled by hydrophobicity of alkyl chain resulted in morphological diversification in self-assembled architectures via varying set of interactions. It is believed that the present work would offer new perspectives in the self-assembly phenomenon of surfactants in general and surface active ionic liquids in particular to devise new strategies for inducing morphology-dependent functionality in self-assembled structures of BAILs.