“…Importantly, our data suggest that external stakeholders need to be integrated at both the strategic planning level and the operational process level to positively affect triple bottom performance. Although the literature has established that conventional S&OP processes positively affect economic performance (Danese et al, 2017;Thomé et al, 2012b;Tchokogué, Nollet, Merminod, Paché, & Goupil, 2018), our findings suggest that the integration of external stakeholders at the planning and process levels positively affects social, economic, and environmental performance.…”