Is spoken duration a sufficient explanation of the word length effect?

Tehan, Gerald; Tolan, Georgina Anne

doi:10.1080/09658210344000305

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This notion is consistent with a number of studies that have shown less robust effects of language on backward than forward digit span (C. Chen & Stevenson, 1988;Hoosain, 1984). Also consistent are studies demonstrating a link between longer syllables and better recall performance on tasks requiring mental manipulations (Tolan & Tehan, 2005), similar to reciting numbers backwards.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective comparison of cognitive performance in individuals with advanced Parkinson’s Disease in Hong Kong and Canada

Kwan

Shum

Haffenden

et al. 2021

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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A deeper understanding of the cross-cultural applicability of cognitive tests across countries and cultures is needed to better equip neuropsychologists for the assessment of patients from diverse backgrounds. Our study compared cognitive test scores in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) at the Prince of Wales Hospital (n = 63; Hong Kong) and the Foothills Medical Centre (n = 20; Calgary, Canada). The groups did not differ in age or sex (p > 0.05), but Western patients had significantly more years of education (M = 14.2, SD = 2.7) than Asian patients (M = 10.33, SD = 4.4). Cognitive tests administered to both groups included: digit span, verbal fluency (animals), the Boston Naming Test, and verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test or Chinese Auditory Verbal Learning Test). Testing was completed before and 12 months after deep brain stimulation surgery. Results showed cognitive performance was similar across time, but significant group differences were found on digit span forward (longer among patients from Hong Kong; F(1, 75) = 44.155, p < 0.001) and the Boston Naming Test (higher percent spontaneous correct among patients from Canada; F(1, 62) = 7.218, p = 0.009, η 2 = 0.104), after controlling for age, sex, and years of education. In conclusion, our findings provide preliminary support for the similarity of Chinese versions of tests originally developed for Western populations. Also, we caution that some aspects of testing may be susceptible to cultural bias and therefore warrant attention in clinical practice and refinement in future test development for Asian patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

A retrospective comparison of cognitive performance in individuals with advanced Parkinson’s Disease in Hong Kong and Canada

Kwan

Shum

Haffenden

et al. 2021

Applied Neuropsychology: Adult

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show abstract

“…We tentatively suggest that these results are evidence that stored phonological representations and phonological retrieval cues are not used in syntactically based comprehension. The WLE has been interpreted as a reflection of rehearsal (Baddeley et al, 1975; for discussion, see Caplan et al, 1992; Service, 1998; Tolan and Tehan, 2005; Zhang and Feng, 1990; Lovatt et al, 2000), and we tentatively suggest that these results are evidence that rehearsal is not widely used in syntactically based comprehension. The WLE also results from lexical neighborhood density effects (Jalbert et al, 2011), which leads us to suggest that lexical items are retrieved in syntactically based comprehension without activating their entire network of associations (Vitevitch et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Short-term memory, working memory, and syntactic comprehension in aphasia

Caplan

Michaud

Hufford

2013

Cognitive Neuropsychology

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Sixty one people with aphasia were tested on ten tests of short term memory (STM) and for the ability to use syntactic structure to determine the meanings of eleven types of sentences in three tasks – object manipulation, picture matching and picture matching with self-paced listening. Multilevel models showed relationships between measures of the ability to retain and manipulate item and order information in STM and accuracy and RT, and a greater relationship between these STM measures and accuracy and RT for several more complex sentence types in individual tasks. There were no effects of measures of STM that reflect the use of phonological codes or rehearsal on comprehension. There was only one effect of STM measures on self-paced listening times. There were double dissociations between performance on STM and individual comprehension tasks, indicating that normal STM is not necessary to perform normally on these tasks. The results are most easily related to the view that STM plays a facilitatory role in supporting the use of the products of the comprehension process to accomplish operations related to tasks.

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“…4). Caplan, Rochon, and Waters (1992), Service (1998), Toland and Tehan (2005), Zhang and Feng (1990) and Lovatt, Avons, and Masterson (2000) did not replicate this result in English, Finnish, and Chinese. Neath, Bireta, and Surprenant (2003) found that, of four sets of words that differed in length and were equated for number of syllables and phonemes, only those from Baddeley et al (1975) showed the WLE (for discussion see Jalbert, Neath, Bireta, & Surprenant, 2011; Jalbert, Neath, & Surprenant, 2011).…”

Section: The Wm Model: Normative Datamentioning

confidence: 89%

Slave systems in verbal short-term memory

2012

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Background The model of performance in short-term memory (STM) tasks that has been most influential in cognitive neuropsychological work on deficits of STM is the “working memory” model mainly associated with the work of Alan Baddeley and his colleagues. Aim This paper reviews the model. We examine the development of this theory in studies that account for STM performances in normal (non-brain-damaged) individuals, and then review the application of this theory to neuropsychological cases and specifications, modifications, and extensions of the theory that have been suggested on the basis of these cases. Our approach is to identify the major phenomena that have been discussed and to examine selected papers dealing with those phenomena in some detail. Main Contribution The main contribution is a review of the WM model that includes both normative and neuropsychological data. Conclusions We conclude that the WM model has many inconsistencies and empirical inadequacies, and that cognitive neuropsychologists might benefit from considering other models when they attempt to describe and explain patients’ performances on STM tasks.

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Is spoken duration a sufficient explanation of the word length effect?

Cited by 11 publications

References 15 publications

A retrospective comparison of cognitive performance in individuals with advanced Parkinson’s Disease in Hong Kong and Canada

A retrospective comparison of cognitive performance in individuals with advanced Parkinson’s Disease in Hong Kong and Canada

Short-term memory, working memory, and syntactic comprehension in aphasia

Slave systems in verbal short-term memory

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