Is Schizophrenia a Lateralized Brain Disorder? Editor's Introduction

Gur, Raquel E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a033368

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…One possible reason for the increased uptake in the basal ganglia is the possibility of greater and more vigorous neuroleptization in positive symptoms. This regional uptake also delineates the mesio-striato-thalamic circuit for goal-directed behaviour22 as an important pathology in positive symptoms and exemplifies schizophrenia as a ‘lateralized brain disorder’ 23. Consistent with literature,16 negative symptoms, on the other hand, were associated with decreased metabolism in all ROIs.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Regional brain metabolism in schizophrenia: An FDG-PET study

Ramanathan¹,

Parkar²,

Nair

et al. 2006

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Recent technological advances have established beyond any doubt the biological nature of schizophrenia. Functional neuroimaging using FDG-PET forms an important technique in understanding the biological underpinnings of psychopathology of schizophrenia.Methods:Eighteen male patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia and having active psychosis as determined by PANSS were subjected to FDG-PET scanning under resting conditions. The glucose uptake in selected regions of interest was studied across the spectrum of schizophrenia.Results:Chronicity and severity of illness did not influence cerebral glucose metabolism. Participants with negative schizophrenia had significantly decreased metabolism in all regions of the brain as compared to the positive type. The positive syndrome of schizophrenia was associated with significantly increased glucose metabolism in the medial temporal regions, basal ganglia and left thalamic regions. Hypometabolism was also noted in the cerebellum.Conclusion:While a number of brain areas can be identified as potential causative regions and hypotheses regarding putative mechanisms can be formed, the considerable heterogeneity of schizophrenia poses a great challenge in the precise delineation of the disease process.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Regional brain metabolism in schizophrenia: An FDG-PET study

Ramanathan¹,

Parkar²,

Nair

et al. 2006

Indian J Psychiatry

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“…Indeed, lateralized brain insults occurring early during neurodevelopment have been shown to influence the direction of speech lateralization and handedness (Woods et al, 1988), where harmful environmental events in utero appear twice as likely to affect the left hemisphere (Geschwind et al, 2002). There is also wide agreement that neurodevelopmental disturbances induced by harmful genetic or environmental events contribute to schizophrenia pathophysiology (Harrison, 1999;Bilder, 2001) with some evidence suggesting a preponderance of left hemisphere pathology (Nopoulos et al, 1995;Gur, 1999;Petty, 1999). Particularly, it has been posited that disturbances in lateralization constitute a genetic and evolutionary basis for the disease, which is hypothesized to have developed in concert with hemispheric specialization for language via a gene influencing the direction and magnitude of cerebral dominance (Crow, 1997(Crow, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asymmetries of cortical shape: Effects of handedness, sex and schizophrenia

Narr¹,

Bilder²,

Lüders³

et al. 2007

NeuroImage

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Some evidence suggests that sex, handedness and disease processes associated with schizophrenia affect the magnitude and/or direction of structural brain asymmetries. There are mixed findings, however, on how these factors influence cerebral torque, when torque is assessed with linear or volumetric measurements. We obtained MRI data from 67 healthy (30 males, 10 non-dextrals) and 84 schizophrenia subjects (60 males; 16 non-dextrals) and applied cortical pattern matching to spatially relate and compare differences in the surface morphology of the two cerebral hemispheres at high spatial resolution. Asymmetry indices, computed at thousands of matched hemispheric locations, were used to examine effects of sex, handedness and schizophrenia on hemispheric shape asymmetries while controlling for age and the other factors. Highly significant and discriminative right-frontal and left parietal-occipital surface expansions and protrusions (petalias) were mapped within groups. Although hemispheric shape asymmetries appeared less pronounced within female non-dextrals, asymmetry indices were not shown to differ significantly across sex, hand preference or diagnosis, or to reveal interactions of handedness with sex or diagnosis. Our 3D maps of spatially detailed anterior and posterior hemispheric shape asymmetries reflect subtle geometric distortions in hemispheric surface morphology that cannot be characterized with 2D or volumetric methods. Inter-individual variations in hemispheric torque appear minimally influenced by sex, dextrality or disease status. Biological factors driving language dominance or other lateralized brain functions dissociable from handedness, may more closely relate to hemispheric shape asymmetries, while the lateralization of other discrete brain

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“…mality (see Table 3). On an unplanned basis, and as there is some evidence of abnormal limbic metabolic asymmetry in schizophrenia (Gur 1999), we compared the anterior cingulate metabolic asymmetry quotient, (RϪL)/(RϩL), between patients and controls and found asymmetry differences ([Pts ϭ 0.122 Ϯ 0.227, Ctrls ϭ Ϫ0.122 Ϯ 0.229; F(1,17) ϭ 5.43, p ϭ .03, twotailed]). There was no evidence of a hippocampal glucose metabolic abnormality (Table 3).…”

Section: Regional Glucose Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%