Anterior Cingulate Metabolism Correlates with Stroop Errors in Paranoid Schizophrenia Patients

Nordahl, Thomas E.; Carter, Cameron S.; Salo, Ruth; Kraft, Louis; Baldo, Juliana V.; Salamat, Shahriar; Robertson, Lynn C.; Kusubov, N.

doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(00)00239-6

Cited by 60 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…2), FA abnormalities within the CB are consistent with findings of other DTI investigations Sun et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2004). In addition, histological (Benes et al, 1986(Benes et al, ,2001Bouras et al, 2001), as well as functional studies (Carter et al, 1997Cohen et al, 1998;Nordahl et al, 2001), point to inefficient communication between frontal and temporal lobe regions, subserved by the CB. We note also that our current study replicates our previous findings from an ROI DTI analysis of cingulum bundle .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: Analysis of white matter integrity

et al. 2005

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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia demonstrate lower anisotropic diffusion within white matter due either to loss of coherence of white matter fiber tracts, to changes in the number and/or density of interconnecting fiber tracts, or to changes in myelination, although methodology as well as localization of such changes differ between studies. The aim of this study is to localize and to specify further DTI abnormalities in schizophrenia by combining DTI with magnetization transfer imaging (MTI), a technique sensitive to myelin and axonal alterations in order to increase specificity of DTI findings. 21 chronic schizophrenics and 26 controls were scanned using Line-Scan-Diffusion-Imaging and T1-weighted techniques with and without a saturation pulse (MT). Diffusion information was used to normalize co-registered maps of fractional anisotropy (FA) and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) to a study-specific template, using the multi-channel daemon algorithm, designed specifically to deal with multi-directional tensor information. Diffusion anisotropy was decreased in schizophrenia in the following brain regions: the fornix, the corpus callosum, bilaterally in the cingulum bundle, bilaterally in the superior occipito-frontal fasciculus, bilaterally in the internal capsule, in the right inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus and the left arcuate fasciculus. MTR maps demonstrated changes in the corpus callosum, fornix, right internal capsule, and the superior occipito-frontal fasciculus bilaterally; however, no changes were noted in the anterior cingulum bundle, the left internal capsule, the arcuate fasciculus, or inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus. In addition, the right posterior cingulum bundle showed MTR but not FA changes in schizophrenia. These findings suggest that, while some of the diffusion abnormalities in schizophrenia are likely due to abnormal coherence, or organization of the fiber tracts, some of these abnormalities may, in fact, be attributed to or coincide with myelin/axonal disruption.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: Analysis of white matter integrity

et al. 2005

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“…Both structural (Weinberger et al, 1992;Seidman et al, 1994;Gur et al, 2000) and functional (Weinberger et al, 1996;Callicott et al, 1998;Manoach et al, 1999;Rubia et al, 2001a;Volz et al, 2001) imaging studies, using a number of different neurocognitive tasks, in SZS have implicated primarily, and some selectively (Barch et al, 2001), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in SZS. Others still have correlated evaluative dysfunctions in schizophrenia with impaired performance monitoring in the anterior cingulate (Carter et al, , 2000(Carter et al, , 1997Nordahl et al, 2001). However, there is increasing evidence of both structural (as reviewed in Shenton et al, 2001) and functional parietal cortex dysfunction in SZS.…”

Section: Decision-making and Errors In Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in SZS during a working memory task has been associated with disorganization symptoms (Perlstein et al, 2001). Moreover, anterior cingulate dysfunction, related to the evaluation or detection of response conflict during the Stroop task, has been observed in both PET (Nordahl et al, 2001) and fMRI studies . Finally, both reduced (Artiges et al, 2000;Fletcher et al, 1998) and increased posterior parietal activation (Callicott et al, 1998;Paulus et al, 2002b) have been observed in response to different tasks in SZS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia Subjects Show Intact Success-Related Neural Activation but Impaired Uncertainty Processing during Decision-Making

Paulus

Frank

Brown

et al. 2002

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Decision-making is a complex process that is important for everyday life. This study examined the effect of the degree of success, and outcome uncertainty, on decision-making and associated neural substrate activation in schizophrenia subjects (SZS) and normal comparison subjects (NCS). A total of 15 subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 15 age-and education-matched NCS participated in this study. These subjects completed the two-choice prediction task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Decision-making characteristics and activation of neural substrates were obtained at 20, 50, or 80% error rate. Success and uncertainty influenced the behavioral characteristics on the two-choice prediction task, and the task-related activation in SZS and NCS. Neither success nor uncertainty differentially affected the behavioral characteristics of SZS relative to NCS during the two-choice prediction task. Nonetheless, there was a significant interaction between group and error rate in bilateral parietal cortex. The activation in NCS was the highest when the outcome was most uncertain. In contrast, task-related activation in SZS was not modulated by the degree of uncertainty. Thus, SZS failed to utilize the parietal cortex to process decision-making situations with highly uncertain outcomes.

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“…Abnormal conflict management was evidenced for several brain disorders, e.g., attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [for review see Lansbergen et al, 2007] or in paranoid schizophrenia [Nordahl et al, 2001]. An auditory approach to the common Stroop interference task seems of particular interest since the auditory sense is especially affected in psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia [Veuillet et al, 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of the caudal anterior cingulate cortex due to task‐related interference in an auditory Stroop paradigm

Haupt¹,

Axmacher²,

Cohen³

et al. 2009

Human Brain Mapping

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Successful information processing requires the focusing of attention on a certain stimulus property and the simultaneous suppression of irrelevant information. The Stroop task is a useful paradigm to study such attentional top-down control in the presence of interference. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of an auditory Stroop task using fMRI. Subjects focused either on tone pitch (relatively high or low; phonetic task) or on the meaning of a spoken word (high/low/good; semantic task), while ignoring the other stimulus feature. We differentiated between task-related (phonetic incongruent vs. semantic incongruent) and sensory-level interference (phonetic incongruent vs. phonetic congruent). Task-related interference activated similar regions as in visual Stroop tasks, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the presupplementary motor-area (pre-SMA). More specifically, we observed that the very caudal/posterior part of the ACC was activated and not the dorsal/anterior region. Because identical stimuli but different task demands are compared in this contrast, it reflects conflict at a relatively high processing level. A more conventional contrast between incongruent and congruent phonetic trials was associated with a different cluster in the pre-SMA/ACC which was observed in a large number of previous studies. Finally, functional connectivity analysis revealed that activity within the regions activated in the phonetic incongruent vs. semantic incongruent contrast was more strongly interrelated during semantically vs. phonetically incongruent trials. Taken together, we found (besides activation of regions well-known from visual Stroop tasks) activation of the very caudal and posterior part of the ACC due to task-related interference in an auditory Stroop task. Hum Brain Mapp 00:000-000, 2009. V V C 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Anterior Cingulate Metabolism Correlates with Stroop Errors in Paranoid Schizophrenia Patients

Cited by 60 publications

References 42 publications

DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: Analysis of white matter integrity

DTI and MTR abnormalities in schizophrenia: Analysis of white matter integrity

Schizophrenia Subjects Show Intact Success-Related Neural Activation but Impaired Uncertainty Processing during Decision-Making

Activation of the caudal anterior cingulate cortex due to task‐related interference in an auditory Stroop paradigm

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