2000
DOI: 10.1348/014466600164507
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Is racism dead? Comparing (expressive) means and (structural equation) models

Abstract: Much scholarship suggests that racism--belief in out-group inferiority--is unrelated to contemporary attitudes. Purportedly, a new form of racism, one which relies upon a belief in cultural difference, has become a more acceptable basis for such attitudes. The authors argue that an appropriate empirical assessment of racism (both 'old' and 'new') depends upon (1) clear conceptualization and operationalization, and (2) attention to both mean-level expression and explanatory value in structural equation models. … Show more

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Cited by 25 publications
(32 citation statements)
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“…Importantly, this formal expression of racial inferiority is tied to the formal endorsement of important societal policies. Those who formally express racial inferiority also tend to formally express opposition to affirmative action in the Netherlands (Kleinpenning & Hagendoorn, 1993) and the United States (Sidanius et al, 1996) as well as support for the illegal return of immigrants in Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands (Leach et al, 2000). Contrary to what is claimed by the notion of a 'new racism', formal expressions of racial inferiority remain active and consequential in contemporary societies.…”
Section: W Leachmentioning
confidence: 97%
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“…Importantly, this formal expression of racial inferiority is tied to the formal endorsement of important societal policies. Those who formally express racial inferiority also tend to formally express opposition to affirmative action in the Netherlands (Kleinpenning & Hagendoorn, 1993) and the United States (Sidanius et al, 1996) as well as support for the illegal return of immigrants in Britain, France, Germany, and the Netherlands (Leach et al, 2000). Contrary to what is claimed by the notion of a 'new racism', formal expressions of racial inferiority remain active and consequential in contemporary societies.…”
Section: W Leachmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Religion, culture, language, custom, nationality and physical appearance were all important dimensions of the ideology directed at Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, Poles and others (Guillaumin, 1995;Miles, 1989). Thus, formal expressions of racial inferiority have less to do with a genetic concept of 'race' than with the notion that some groups are less good, moral and able than others (Leach, Peng, & Volckens, 2000;Todorov, 1984).…”
Section: W Leachmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…We wish to take seriously the idea that, not so long ago, there was more old-fashioned racism in countries such as the United States and less modern racism (see Leach, Peng, & Volckens, 2000). We argue that the level of variability across time and cultural context demands a level of meta-theoretical sophistication that is currently missing in the field.…”
Section: Target Perceptions As Conditions Of Prejudice Expressionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We disagree and suggest that social surveys assessing whites’ racial attitudes should routinely include such indicators because for one thing, they can be important predictors. For instance, Leach, Peng, and Volckens (2000) distinguished ‘means’ from ‘structure’, documenting that declines in race-related survey items’ mean levels are not married to declines in those survey items’ predictive power. In addition, we note that contemporary prejudice may soon become reactive to social desirability (Henry and Sears 2002:274; Tarman and Sears 2005:757).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%