Is per capita real GDP stationary in China? More powerful nonlinear (logistic) unit root tests

Abstract

In this study, we use a more powerful nonlinear (logistic) unit root test advanced by Leybourne et al. (1998) to investigate the time-series properties of real gross domestic product for 25 Chinese provinces for the period 1952 to 1998. We strongly reject the null of unit root process for over half the provinces. These empirical results have important policy implications for China.

Is real GDP per capita a stationary process? Smooth transitions, nonlinear trends and unit root testing

“…While some authors find that real GDP is a unit root process (Murray and Nelson, 2000;Perron, 1989;and Evans, 1989, among others), others find empirical evidence to reject the null hypothesis of a I(1) process (Ben-David and Papell, 1995;Vougas, 2007) in US real GDP series. In an empirical study of African countries, Chang, Nieh and Wei (2005) apply the Leybourne, Newbold and Vougas (1998) unit root test to detrend the data by means of a logistic function. Their results point to the rejection of the null for some of the countries analysed.…”

Metal–Organic Framework (MOF) Template Based Efficient Pt/ZrO2@C Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of H2 Below 90 °C

“…On the carbon‐coated octahedral structure, platinum particles with a diameter of about 5 nm were dispersed uniformly, as shown in Figure b3. These studies consider that residual carbon on the surface protects the platinum nanoparticles from metal oxide impurities and acts as a barrier that prevents the particles from agglomerating . However, if the platinum content exceeds 0.2 %, the nanoparticles aggregate in large amounts, as shown clearly in the FESEM images in Figure d1–d3.…”

Investigating the stationarity hypothesis of Gross Domestic Product per capita in Central and Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent State countries: Evidence using Fourier based panel KPSS test

“…In order to solve this issue, Kapetanios, Shin, and Snell () developed a nonlinear unit root tests for a given sample that captures the possibility of smooth transaction nonstationary within a threshold level and prospect of a mean‐reverting stationary process. Moreover, few studies are highlighted the nonlinear mean‐reverting stationary hypothesis are Leybourne, Newbold, and Vougas () for Chinese provinces, Christopoulos () for OECD countries, Chang, Su, and Lee () for EU, Murthy and Anoruo () for African countries, Chang, Ho, and Caudill () for 11 Middle Eastern countries and Cuestas and Garratt () for developing countries. Cuestas and Garratt () for developing countries.…”