Is Over-Education a Problem in Spain? Empirical Evidence Based on the EU-SILC

Sáez, Marta Pascual; González-Prieto, Noelia; Cantarero, David

doi:10.1007/s11205-015-0916-7

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…8. Our method is rather restrictive compared to the one used by Morgado et al (2015) and S anchez-S anchez and Fern andez (2015), who pointed out that the rate of overeducation was situated between 25 and 30% of workers, and that of Pascual et al (2016), which placed it at around 20%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

Sánchez-Sánchez

Puente

2020

JES

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PurposeThe phenomenon of overeducation and the magnitude and persistence of the imbalance impact are analysed for the Spanish labour market from 2006 to 2013.Design/methodology/approachThe authors present random-effects probit estimations comparing individuals and their short-term and long-term labour mismatches.FindingsThe results support the existence of long-term persistence (status in the previous year) and short-term persistence (status at the beginning of the observed period) in overeducation. Precariousness in the labour market, measured by temporality or by the strong destruction of employment, could force individuals to choose a job below their qualification. Additionally, the phenomenon of overeducation is shown to have increased in the period 2010–2013 in relation to the period 2006–2009 independently of the region considered, though those regions with higher unemployment rates display greater imbalances.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results come from two different samples, it is possible to conclude that overeducation is a phenomenon that tends to perpetuate over time in Spain.Practical implicationsOne of the issues of greatest interest that is crucial to assess the relevance of the spreading of overeducation is whether overeducation can be considered as a temporal mismatch, in which case the seriousness of the problem would not be so important, or, on the contrary, as a persistent one, in which case, governments should take it into account in their education reform programmes.Originality/valueOvereducation persistence has been studied in countries such as the United States, Canada, Switzerland or Germany; however, in Spain, there are hardly any studies. Spanish labour market has certain specificities that make the analyses relevant: the high unemployment rates and high elasticity of employment with respect to the economic cycles. Under these circumstances, workers could opt for more stable positions that require a lower qualification than the one they have. This option could be even more convenient during crisis. Additionally, the article includes a disaggregated analysis by Spanish regions. The differences in the unemployment rates within and between regions are significant (some of them had at the beginning of the crisis an unemployment rate close to 7%, while in others it exceeded 12%) which allows the authors to study the phenomenon in different contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Lack of employment could force individuals to accept a job, regardless of the alignment with their level of studies. In addition, as the unemployment rate increases, so does the overeducation phenomenon, as individuals decide to augment their educational training (Pascual et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

Sánchez-Sánchez

Puente

2020

JES

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“…Third, graduates enter the labor force at economic downturns. Graduates either accept lower level jobs or go for more education (Pascual Saez, Gonzalez-Prieto, & Cantarero-Prieto, 2016). Fourth, variations in the quality of degree-granting institutes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pilot Study of Over-Education in Hong Kong

Li¹,

Chan²,

Li³

2018

IJoTE

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Over-education has long been an issue among developed economies in the western world for decades. Researchers have conducted studies and estimated the ratio of over-education of their respective countries; however, there was not much done, if any, for Hong Kong. The purposes of this study are: first, to estimate the proportion of over-education in Hong Kong; second, to compare differences across different demographic factors including majors of studies, years of work experience, income levels, academic qualification levels, industries, and gender. The data set consists of 279 respondents. The subjective (self-reported) over-education rate for current job is 34.1 percent. At the 0.05 significance level, the population proportion, or overall subjective over-education rate in Hong Kong is estimated at between 28.54 percent and 39.66 percent. The sample proportion of objective over-education, measured by the excess of highest qualification over minimum requirement for the current job, is 49.1 percent. At the 0.05 significance level, the population proportion of objective over-education is estimated to be between 43.23 percent and 54.97 percent. The correlation between subjective and objective over-education is 0.342. It is not a very strong positive relationship, but it is significant (p = 0.000). Differences between the two are also significant (p = 0.000). While over-education appears to be a serious issue, the sample shows an objective under-education rate of 2.5 percent. Overall, differences of demographic factors are mostly insignificant, but multiple comparisons among subgroups for subjective over-education have found that medicine, dentistry and health majors are significantly different from other majors. Results of this study will narrow the research gap for Hong Kong on over-education. It also opens the door for future research and deeper study concerning over-education in Hong Kong between graduates of government-funded and privately-funded higher education institutes, across different majors and industries. These will not only have substantial financial implications on government spending on higher education but also provide directions for students' choices.

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“…Regarding the horizontal misfit, a recent literature review indicated that a horizontal educational misfit often has unfavorable effects on employees' earnings, occupational status, and job satisfaction (Somers et al, 2019). With regard to the vertical educational misfit, most research has focused on a particular type of misfit, over-education (having more education than the job requires), without addressing the phenomenon of under-education (having less education than the job requires) (Meroni & Vera-Toscano, 2017;Pascual Sáez et al, 2016). We also focus on the over-education side of vertical misfit for two reasons.…”

Section: Perceptions Of Job Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Job Quality Indicators and Perceived Job Quality: The Moderating Roles of Individual Preferences and Gender

Davcheva,

Tomás,

Hernández

2020

Revista Psicologia: Organizações &Amp; Trabalho

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Job quality is critical for policy makers, but little is known about the factors that shape perceived job quality among employees. This study aimed to explore the importance of several traditional job quality indicators: employment characteristics (type of contract, employment relationship, schedule predictability) and educational misfit (horizontal, vertical) in predicting perceived job quality. Additionally, the moderating roles of preferred employment characteristics and gender were tested. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted in a sample of 562 Spanish employees. The results demonstrated that all the indicators, except schedule predictability, were related (and contributed equally) to perceived job quality. Gender moderated the interaction effect between the current and preferred employment relationship. For women, the full-time preference boosted the effect of full-time jobs on perceived job quality, whereas for men, the part-time preference boosted this effect. The findings indicate the importance of adopting a contextual approach to perceived job quality, considering individuals' preferred employment characteristics and gender.

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Is Over-Education a Problem in Spain? Empirical Evidence Based on the EU-SILC

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

Overeducation, persistence and unemployment in Spanish labour market

A Pilot Study of Over-Education in Hong Kong

Job Quality Indicators and Perceived Job Quality: The Moderating Roles of Individual Preferences and Gender

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