Is Oral Temperature an Accurate Measurement of Deep Body Temperature? A Systematic Review

Mazerolle, Stephanie M.; Ganio, Matthew S.; Casa, Douglas J.; Vingren, Jakob L.; Klau, Jennifer F.

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-46.5.566

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Even though the validity and reliability of T oral are very questionable compared to rectal (Casa et al 2007;Mazerolle et al 2011;Huggins et al 2012), it is still widely used in studies of biological rhythms (Waterhouse et al 2005;Hamouda et al 2012;Chtourou et al 2013). T oral in our study was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the evening (18:00 h) compared to the morning (08:00 h), with a gain of temperature at rest of 0.6°C.…”

Section: Oral Temperaturementioning

confidence: 43%

Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry?

Chaâri

Frikha

Mezghanni

et al. 2015

Biological Rhythm Research

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The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effects of rest interval following active warm-up (WU) durations on the diurnal variation of high-intensity cycling performance. Eleven male physical education students (22.6 ± 2.5 years; 179.2 ± 5.7 cm; 82.6 ± 9.6 kg; mean ± SD) participated in a cross-over randomized study, and they all underwent the 30-s Wingate test in the morning (08:00 h) and in the evening (18:00 h), after 5-min (WU 5 ) and 15-min (WU 15 ) warm-up durations, either with rest (WR), or without rest interval (NR) separating the WU at the onset of the high-intensity cycling exercise performance. The WU consisted of pedaling at a constant pace of 60 rpm against at 50% of the maximal aerobic power. The rest interval between the end of warm-up and the beginning of the anaerobic exercise was set at 5 min. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and the fatigue index (FI) were recorded. Likewise, heart rate, oral temperature (T), and rating of perceived exertion were registered at rest, at the end of the WU and just after the Wingate test. The ANOVA's showed no main effect of the rest interval on PP, MP, FI, and T parameters. However, significant interactions (WU duration × time-of-day and recovery condition × WU duration) were recorded on both PP and MP parameters. PP and MP were higher in the afternoon compared to the morning with gains of 4.4 and 3.6%, respectively. In the morning sessions, the WU 15 allows better improvement of muscular power, with either 0-or 5-min pre-exercise rest interval. However, in the afternoon sessions, both WU 15 and WU 5 durations allow better improvement of 30-s Wingate cycling performance in, respectively, WR and NR conditions. Therefore, athletes and coaches, as well as researchers, interested in high-intensity cycling exercise, should take into account the rest interval, the time-of-day, and the duration of warm-up when practicing, assessing, or interpreting data related to powerful lower limbs' muscles contractions activities.

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Section: Oral Temperaturementioning

confidence: 43%

Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry?

Chaâri

Frikha

Mezghanni

et al. 2015

Biological Rhythm Research

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“…No cases of skin burns were observed, and only eight out of 208 stimulated sweating sessions (3.8%) led to a body temperature >38.0°C, all in the same patient who did not follow the instruction to lower the temperature of bathing water when a body temperature >38°C was measured the first time, because he had no side effects. Of note, the body core temperature might have been slightly underestimated because of the oral technique of temperature measurement . Another possible risk is brisk blood pressure lowering because of heat‐induced vasodilatation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Of note, the body core temperature might have been slightly underestimated because of the oral technique of temperature measurement. 21 Another possible risk is brisk blood pressure lowering because of heat-induced vasodilatation. For this reason, participants with a history of cardio and/or cerebrovascular disease were excluded and antihypertensive drugs taken in the morning, at distance of the baths/Hammam visits.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated sweating as a therapy to reduce interdialytic weight gain and improve potassium balance in chronic hemodialysis patients: A pilot study

Pruijm

El-Housseini

Mahfoudh

et al. 2012

Hemodialysis International

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Controlling the extracellular volume in hemodialysis patients is a difficult task. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of different methods of stimulated sweating to reduce mean interdialytic weight gain (IWG), to improve blood pressure regulation, and potassium/urea balance. Two center, crossover pilot study. In Lausanne, hemodialysis patients took four hot-water baths a week, 30 minutes each, on nondialysis days during 1 month. In Sfax, patients visited the local Hammam Center four times a week. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded, and weekly laboratory analysis was performed. Results were compared with a preceding 1-month control period. In Lausanne, five patients (all men, median age 55 years) participated. Bathing temperature was (mean ± standard deviation) 41.2 ± 3°C and sweating-induced weight loss 600 ± 500 g. Mean IWG (control vs. intervention period) decreased from 2.3 ± 0.9 to 1.8 ± 1 kg (P = 0.004), Systolic blood pressure from 139 ± 21 to 136 ± 22 mmHg (P = 0.4), and diastolic blood pressure form 79 ± 12 to 75 ± 13 mmHg (P = 0.08); antihypertensive therapy could be reduced from 2.8 ± 0.4 to 1.9 ± 0.5 antihypertensive drugs per patient (P = 0.01). In Sfax (n = 9, median age 46 years), weight loss per Hammam session was 420 ± 100 g. No differences were found in IWG or BP, but predialysis serum potassium level decreased from 5.9 ± 0.8 to 5.5 ± 0.9 mmol/L (P = 0.04) and urea from 26.9 ± 6 to 23.1 ± 6 mmol/L (P = 0.02). Hot-water baths appear to be a safe way to reduce IWG in selected hemodialysis patients. Hammam visits reduce serum potassium and urea levels, but not IWG. More data in larger patient groups are necessary before definite conclusion can be drawn.

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“…In particular, rectal temperature readings may underestimate hepatic temperature and the potential for hepatocellular heat-related damage, as metabolic activity in the liver contributes substantially to heat production (Jardine, 2007). Oral temperature, although easier to access, does not accurately reflect core temperature due to such factors as probe placement, ingestion of hot or cold fluids, and exposure to ambient air (Mazerolle et al, 2011).…”

Section: Noninvasive Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermoregulatory disorders and illness related to heat and cold stress

Cheshire

2016

Autonomic Neuroscience

259

184

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Thermoregulation is a vital function of the autonomic nervous system in response to cold and heat stress. Thermoregulatory physiology sustains health by keeping body core temperature within a degree or two of 37°C, which enables normal cellular function. Heat production and dissipation are dependent on a coordinated set of autonomic responses. The clinical detection of thermoregulatory impairment provides important diagnostic and localizing information in the evaluation of disorders that impair thermoregulatory pathways, including autonomic neuropathies and ganglionopathies. Failure of neural thermoregulatory mechanisms or exposure to extreme or sustained temperatures that overwhelm the body's thermoregulatory capacity can also result in potentially life-threatening departures from normothermia. Hypothermia, defined as a core temperature of <35.0°C, may present with shivering, respiratory depression, cardiac dysrhythmias, impaired mental function, mydriasis, hypotension, and muscle dysfunction, which can progress to cardiac arrest or coma. Management includes warming measures, hydration, and cardiovascular support. Deaths from hypothermia are twice as frequent as deaths from hyperthermia. Hyperthermia, defined as a core temperature of >40.5°C, may present with sweating, flushing, tachycardia, fatigue, lightheadedness, headache, and paresthesia, progressing to weakness, muscle cramps, oliguria, nausea, agitation, hypotension, syncope, confusion, delirium, seizures, and coma. Mental status changes and core temperature distinguish potentially fatal heat stroke from heat exhaustion. Management requires the immediate reduction of core temperature. Ice water immersion has been shown to be superior to alternative cooling measures. Avoidance of thermal risk and early recognition of cold or heat stress are the cornerstones of preventive therapy.

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Is Oral Temperature an Accurate Measurement of Deep Body Temperature? A Systematic Review

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry?

Does post-warm-up rest interval affect the diurnal variation of 30-s Wingate cycle ergometry?

Stimulated sweating as a therapy to reduce interdialytic weight gain and improve potassium balance in chronic hemodialysis patients: A pilot study

Thermoregulatory disorders and illness related to heat and cold stress

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