Is low phosphorus content in steel a product requirement?

Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H.; Suh, Dong‐Woo

doi:10.1179/1743281214y.0000000261

Cited by 19 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…An increase in slag basicity usually helps to control the content of inclusion like sulfur and phosphorus in hot metal and steel, respectively, but various other factors also affect the same. [38][39][40] The carbon dissolution in the metallic droplets is somewhat related to the extent of reduction as mentioned earlier. However, factors like carbon distribution in the melt along with the presence of other elements and oxides do affect the phenomenon of carbon pickup.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

Reduction Behavior of Hematite‐Biowaste Composite Pellets at Melting Temperature

Biswal,

Pahlevani,

Wang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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The iron and steel industry is one of the prominent industrial sectors in the world since steel is a vital material with a wide range of applications in our daily lives. The ferrous industries are associated with various issues like extensive greenhouse gas emissions, energy‐intensive processes and heavy reliance on fossil fuels and natural resources. At the same time, concern regarding waste generation and its management is taking up the momentum and calls are being made for recycling and green recovery. Reuse of waste materials in the manufacturing process could make the industries circular economy resilient. Thus, the current work is based on the usage of a biowaste, namely, spent coffee grounds for hematite reduction. Composite pellets of hematite and T‐SCGs (transformed‐spent coffee grounds) were heat‐treated at a melting temperature of 1550 °C. The effect of both binary and quaternary basicity on the reduction behavior was also studied. T‐SCGs have hydrogen in their molecular structure which enhances the reduction mechanism. Overall, the employment of biowaste for iron recovery will aid in making the industry sector more sustainable.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Microstructural Analysismentioning

confidence: 74%

Reduction Behavior of Hematite‐Biowaste Composite Pellets at Melting Temperature

Biswal,

Pahlevani,

Wang

et al. 2023

steel research int.

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“…Some alloying elements such as Titanium, Niobium, Molybdenum, and Vanadium show efficacy in mitigating Phosphorus concentration on grain boundary [ 8 ]. It is suspected that a few mechanisms contribute to that, such as Ti and Nb “pinning” P inside of the matrix or settling on the grain boundary themselves, thus restricting the amount of space Phosphorus can take up [ 39 ]. However, the exact effects are difficult to quantify, especially since all those elements show the ability to form carbides [ 33 ], limiting their anti-embrittlement effect.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this number of overlapping effects in play, it is incredibly challenging to determine a “safe” amount of Phosphorus in respect of temper embrittlement [ 39 ]. Thus, restricting the overall number of impurities seems to be a better solution, especially nowadays, with modern advances in metallurgy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Various Heat Treatments on Hardness and Impact Strength of Uddeholm Balder: Cr-Mo-V-Ni Novel Steel Used for Engine Construction

2021

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The construction of an engine requires optimized geometry and superb material properties in various environments. Tensile and yield strength are not the only parameters essential to consider. Hardness, impact toughness, and ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) are also crucial. In this paper, Balder, Chromium-Molybdenum-Vanadium-Nickel steel with low impact toughness attested is considered. It contains both high Nickel and high Vanadium content, a rare combination among iron-based alloys. This study aims at proving that conventional heat treatment can improve its impact toughness while maintaining hardness level, exceeding its to-date performance. Steel’s exact elemental composition was checked, and material samples’ hardness and impact toughness were measured. Four heat treatments were proposed, then hardness and impact toughness were measured again. It was established that impact toughness over three times higher than marketed (57.3 J against 17 J) can be achieved with simultaneous 2 HRC points (from 46.4 HRC to 48.4 HRC) rise in hardness. Achieved parameters place examined alloy at the high-ranking position among similar steels. Occurrence of temper embrittlement was avoided. Notably, the ductile-brittle transition was not observed in any sample.

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“…Silicon can increase the carbon content in retained austenite by hindering the precipitation of cementite, which can have beneficial effects on toughness: however, it has a strong tendency to segregate to grain boundaries and reduce toughness [32,33]. It has been widely reported that, in medium-carbon low-alloyed steel especially after tempering, a significant increase in toughness can be obtained with Si contents below 0.30 wt.% [34,35].…”

Section: -2-silicon Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Design of a Novel Medium-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steel Microalloyed with Niobium

Javaheri

Nyyssönen

Grande

et al. 2018

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The design of a new steel with specific properties is always challenging owing to the complex interactions of many variables. In this work, this challenge is dealt with by combining metallurgical principles with computational thermodynamics and kinetics to design a novel steel composition suitable for thermomechanical processing and induction heat treatment to achieve a hardness level in excess of 600 HV with the potential for good fracture toughness. CALPHAD-based packages for the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transformations and diffusion, namely Thermo-Calc ® and JMatPro ® , have been combined with an interdendritic segregation tool (IDS) to optimize the contents of chromium, molybdenum and niobium in a proposed medium-carbon low-manganese steel composition. Important factors taken into account in the modelling and optimization were hardenability and as-quenched hardness, grain refinement, and alloying cost. For further investigations and verification, the designed composition, i.e. in wt.% 0.40C, 0.20Si, 0.25Mn, 0.90Cr, 0.50Mo, was cast with two nominal levels of Nb: 0 and 0.012 wt.%. The results showed that an addition of Nb decreases the austenite grain size during casting and after slab reheating prior to hot rolling. Validation experiments showed that the predicted properties i.e. hardness, hardenability and level of segregation for the designed composition were realistic. It is also demonstrated that the applied procedure could be useful in reducing the number of experiments required for developing compositions for other new steels.

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Is low phosphorus content in steel a product requirement?

Cited by 19 publications

References 83 publications

Reduction Behavior of Hematite‐Biowaste Composite Pellets at Melting Temperature

Reduction Behavior of Hematite‐Biowaste Composite Pellets at Melting Temperature

Influence of Various Heat Treatments on Hardness and Impact Strength of Uddeholm Balder: Cr-Mo-V-Ni Novel Steel Used for Engine Construction

Computational Design of a Novel Medium-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steel Microalloyed with Niobium

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