Is living in a household with children associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in adults? Results from the Swiss national seroprevalence study Corona Immunitas

Abstract

Background We aimed to determine whether living in a household with children is associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in adults and investigated interacting factors that may influence this association. Methods SARS-CoV-2 serology testing was performed in randomly selected individuals from the general population between end of October 2020 and February 2021 in 11 cantons in Switzerland. Data on sociodemographic and household characteristics, employment status, and health-related history was collected using questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of living with children <18 years of age (number, age group) and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. Further, we assessed the influence of reported non-household contacts, employment status, and gender. Results Of 2393 working age participants (18–64 years), 413 (17.2%) were seropositive. Our results suggest that living with children and SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity are likely to be associated (unadjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.22, 95% confidence interval [0.98–1.52], adjusted OR 1.25 [0.99–1.58]). A pattern of a positive association was also found for subgroups of children aged 0–11 years (OR 1.21 [0.90–1.60]) and 12–17 years (OR 1.14 [0.78–1.64]). Odds of seropositivity were higher with more children (OR 1.14 per additional child [1.02–1.27]). Men had higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection when living with children than women (interaction: OR 1.74 [1.10–2.76]). Conclusions In adults from the general population living with children seems associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. However, child-related infection risk is not the same for every subgroup and depends on factors like gender. Further factors determining child-related infection risk need to be identified and causal links investigated. Trial registration https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18181860 .

Oxidative Potential in Exhaled Air (OPEA) as a Tool for Predicting Certain Respiratory Disorders in the General Adult Population: Cross-Sectional Analysis Nested in the Swiss Health Study

“…As the study was conducted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was chosen as a second respiratory health outcome. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies become detectable in most cases around 6–15 days after symptom onset [ 20 ]. Sera extracted from the participants’ venous blood were analyzed using SenASTrIS (Sensitive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Trimer Immunoglobulin Serological), a Luminex binding assay [ 21 ].…”

“…Indeterminate test results, meaning a signal just below the predefined cutoff, were retested, and when confirmed, “indeterminate” was counted as negative. The test has a high specificity (99.7%) and sensitivity (96.6%) and has been validated in samples of the general population as well as specific subgroups of people [ 20 ].…”

Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 seroassay sensitivity: a systematic review and modeling study

“…Roche rapid test (20) Orient Gene Biotech (42) SenASTrIS test (97,98) Siemens Advia Centaur (52,99) Siemens Advia anti-RBD Vitros Ortho (not total antibodies) (13,(104)(105)(106)(107) Vitros Ortho (total antibodies) (13,14) Wantai (14,69,108,109)…”

How to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake among children? determinants associated with vaccine compliance

“…Vaccination has a double effect: direct protection of vaccinated individuals and indirect protection of individuals living in vaccinated environments (12). Several studies reported that a substantial amount of COVID-19 transmission occurs in close, crowded, and prolonged contact, such as in households (13)(14)(15)(16). These household studies may be alternatives to larger populations for estimating the direct and indirect effects of vaccines (12).…”