Is Lipid Accumulation Product Associated with an Atherogenic Lipoprotein Profile in Brazilian Subjects?

Abstract

BackgroundLipid accumulation product (LAP), a simple and low-cost tool, is a novel biomarker of central lipid accumulation and represents a potential surrogate marker for atherogenic lipoprotein profile. However, its association with lipoprotein subfractions has not been described in the literature.ObjectiveTo determine whether LAP index could be used as a marker of low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) size in Brazilian individuals.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included patients (n = 351) of both sexes and age between 30-74 years. Clinical and sociodemographic data and family history of diseases were evaluated. Lipoprotein size, and levels of total cholesterol (TC), lipoproteins, apolipoprotein AI and B (APO AI/APO B), glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were assessed in blood samples. LAP was calculated by the formulas [(waist circumference[cm]-58) × (triglycerides[mmol/L]) for women and (waist circumference [cm]-65) × (triglycerides [mmol/L]) for men]. The association between LAP and metabolic parameters were tested by linear trend (general linear model, GLM test) before and after multiple adjustments for potential confounders (sex, age, smoking, statin, fibrate, and hypoglycemic drugs) at significant level p < 0.05.ResultsLAP was positively associated with TC, APO B, NEFA, glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR values, and negatively associated with HDL-C. Higher central lipid accumulation was corelated with higher percentage of intermediate HDL and of small LDL and HDL and less amount of large HDL. LDL size was also reduced in greater LAP index values. The negative impact of LAP was maintained after adjustment for multiple variables.ConclusionLAP was robustly associated with atherogenic profile of lipoprotein subfractions, independently of multiple confounders.

Risk factors for prehypertension and their interactive effect: a cross- sectional survey in China

“…Previous studies mostly assessed obesity by using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), however, obesity not only refers to excessive fat accumulation, but also implies the abnormal distribution of fat, and there are significant differences in morphology and function between subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) [ 17 ]. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), as a combination of WC and triglycerides (TG), was proved to be an available indicator that reflects visceral obesity, and it was significant associated with total cholesterol, lipoproteins, and glucose [ 18 , 19 ]. Higher LAP significantly increased the risk of hyperuricemia among Chinese rural population [ 20 ].…”

Lipid Accumulation Product as an Index for Visceral Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk among a Sample of Obese Egyptian Women

“…Pontes [34] conducted that LAP was a better indicator of glucose imbalance and a stronger predictor of DM than BMI. Flavia [35] had confirmed that LAP is sensitive to identify impairment related to glucose metabolism even after correction for drug use. However, in our study, the results showed that the presence or absence of hyperglycemia is insignificantly associated with the LAP.…”

Nicotine dependence and visceral adiposity as risk factors for the development and severity of carotid artery stenosis

“…Some researchers use quartiles as the cut-off value for the analysis, while others use tertiles [ 46 , 47 ]. LAP was strongly linked to the atherogenic profile of lipoprotein subfractions in a Brazilian study [ 48 ]. Additionally, LAP was negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with TC, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and non-esterified fatty acids values.…”