Is it possible to increase the oil yield of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass? A study using commercially-available acid and basic catalysts in ex-situ and in-situ modus

Castello, Daniele; He, Shan; Ruiz, M. Pilar; Westerhof, Roel Johannes Maria; Heeres, Hero J.; Seshan, K.; Kersten, Sascha R.A.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2018.11.012

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The C yields of the aqueous phase of CFP liquids typically range from 3 to 14 wt % in the literature. 58 While the C yields of aqueous fractions reported here are at the higher end of that range, similarly high C yields (around 15 wt %) for aqueous fractions have been reported recently by Castello et al 59 The compositions of catalytic and noncatalytic bio-oils were analyzed by GC/MS (Figures 4b and c) for both pine wood and cellulose. The total aromatics are the combined BTX and (substituted) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g., naphthalenes), while oxygenates are (non)catalytic products of biomass pyrolysis.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Catalyst Characterization Reveals the Feed-Dependent Deactivation of a Technical ZSM-5-Based Catalyst

Luna-Murillo

Pala

Paioni

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Catalyst deactivation due to coking is a major challenge in the catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of biomass. Here, a multitechnique investigation of a technical Al2O3-bound ZSM-5-based extrudate catalyst, used for the CFP of pine wood and cellulose (at a reactor temperature of 500 °C), provided insight into the effects of extrusion, the catalytic pyrolysis process, and catalyst regeneration on the catalyst structure. As a result of a reduction in acidity and surface area due to the coking catalyst, the activity dropped drastically with increasing time-on-stream (TOS), as evidenced by a decrease in aromatics yield. Strikingly, confocal fluorescence microscopy at the single-particle level revealed that vapor components derived from whole biomass or just the cellulose component coke differently. While pine-wood-derived species mainly blocked the external area of the catalyst particle, larger carbon deposits were formed inside the catalyst’s micropores with cellulose-derived species. Pyridine FT-IR and solid-state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated irreversible changes after regeneration, likely due to partial dealumination. Taken together with <30 g kg–1 aromatics yield on a feed basis, the results show a mismatch between biomass pyrolysis vapors and the technical catalyst used due to a complex interplay of mass transfer limitations and CFP chemistry.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Catalyst Characterization Reveals the Feed-Dependent Deactivation of a Technical ZSM-5-Based Catalyst

Luna-Murillo

Pala

Paioni

et al. 2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…"In-situ fast catalytic pyrolysis" (called also catalytic fast pyrolysis) is the liquefaction of woody biomass by pyrolysis and its catalytic upgrading from oxygenates compounds to aromatics in the same reactor. The bio-oil obtained by "In situ catalytic fast pyrolysis" (in -situ CFP) is better of that one obtained by simple fast pyrolysis (FP) in terms of heating value, oxygen content, viscosity and stability [19][20][21][22][23]. The evolved vapours obtained with "in situ CFP" are converted in lesser reactive compounds than those produced by noncatalytic fast pyrolysis and char and coke and catalyst are separated by cyclone present after the reactor and the char and coke after separation from catalyst are send to the combustion to produce energy and the catalyst is recycled.…”

Section: In Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…"Ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis" (ex-situ CFP) or "Two stages catalytic fast pyrolysis" is constituted by a fast pyrolysis reactor and a down-stream catalytic reactor for upgrading the bio-oil [19][20][21][22][23]. In ex-situ CFP the two reactions of transformation of biomass are separated and the optimization of the pyrolysis conditions and of the catalyst performance occurs separately [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Ex Situ Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Biorefinery via Catalytic Upgraded Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Trifirò¹

2021

TI-IJES

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Energy can be produced from biomass by biochemical, biological and thermal process. Pyrolysis is a thermal process that operate at temperature between 400-600C in absence of oxygen or with very low amount, to produce a bio-oil, char and gas. The best technology is fast pyrolysis that produce higher amount of liquid bio-oil, particularly 75% of liquid, -at 500oC without oxygen, contact time lesser 2sec a drying of biomass till 10%, with dimension of particles of biomass of 3mm, using mainly bubbling fluid bed, However the bio-oil obtained with fast pyrolysis present a lot drawbacks: it presents a high amount of oxygen, high acidity, high viscosity, high moisture and chemical instability. Fast pyrolysis can be upgraded operating in the presence of a catalyst (in-situ) or with a downstream catalytic reactor to the that one of fast pyrolysis (ex situ). Besides it is possible upgrade the bio-oil transforming it in fuels and chemical products realizing the catalytic pyrolysis in presence of H2 (hydropyrolysis) or realizing hydrodeoxygenation reactions downstream the fast pyrolysis or using as reductants wastes from plastics, from rubber of tires or from organic wastes in order to realize a catalytic co-pyrolysis.

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“…The distribution of interunit linkages in the two phases can be affected by extraction temperature, and the aromatic structures were less sensitive to temperature compared with side chain structures. Castello et al used 2D NMR to analyze the pine oil phase organics produced with catalyst . The 2D NMR spectra were divided into three zones, namely, the oxygenated aliphatic C–H, nonoxygenated aliphatic C–H, and unsaturated and aromatic C–H zones.…”

Section: Characterization Of Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in the Characterization Methods of Biomass Pyrolysis Products

Jiang

Sheng

Jiang

2019

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Biomass is a renewable resource that currently accounts for 10% of the total global energy load. Thermochemical technologies, particularly pyrolysis, are widely used in biomass conversion due to their high reaction and conversion rates compared with biochemical transformation. Understanding the pyrolysis process and the properties of pyrolytic products is essential to obtain further valorized pyrolytic products, such as bio-oil-based chemicals and biochar-based carbonaceous materials. Thus, fully characterizing pyrolysis and its products is imperative. This review focuses on recent advances in pyrolysis-characterization methods, particularly on the online characterization of biomass pyrolytic intermediates and spectroscopic and microscopic imaging methods for biochar and bio-oil. We further discuss how these characterizations help elucidate the pyrolysis mechanism and extend the utilization of pyrolytic products. The drawbacks and improvement prospects of current methods are also discussed.

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Is it possible to increase the oil yield of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass? A study using commercially-available acid and basic catalysts in ex-situ and in-situ modus

Cited by 28 publications

References 51 publications

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Catalyst Characterization Reveals the Feed-Dependent Deactivation of a Technical ZSM-5-Based Catalyst

Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass: Catalyst Characterization Reveals the Feed-Dependent Deactivation of a Technical ZSM-5-Based Catalyst

Biorefinery via Catalytic Upgraded Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass

Advances in the Characterization Methods of Biomass Pyrolysis Products

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