Is galectin‐3 a good method for the detection of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules and a cytologic diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm”? A critical appraisal of the evidence

Sanábria, Álvaro; Carvalho, André L.; Andrade, Victor Piana de; Rodrigo, Juan P.; Vartanian, José Guilherme; Rinaldo, Alessandra; Ikeda, Mauro Kazuo; Devaney, Kenneth O.; Magrin, José; Soares, Fernando Augusto; Ferlito, Alfio; Kowalski, Luiz Paulo

doi:10.1002/hed.20642

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…10 More recently, in the largest prospective study so far on 465 patients with cytologically indeterminate thyroid lesions, galectin-3 has shown overall sensitivity of 78%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 82%, and negative predictive value of 91%. The most relevant clinical application of such a molecular marker would be in a group of patients with thyroid nodules that have indeterminate cytological diagnosis regarding malignancy and that are currently surgically treated, although most of them have benign thyroid lesions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Galectin-3 and CD44v6 as Markers for Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by RT-PCR

Šamija

Mateša²,

Lukač³

et al. 2011

Diagnostic Molecular Pathology

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The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of galectin-3 and CD44v6 as markers for preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in lesions of the thyroid. RT-PCR analysis of galectin-3 and CD44v6 expression was performed on RNA isolated from fine-needle aspirates of thyroid lesions from 428 patients. The results were evaluated against the postoperative histopathological diagnosis or definitive cytological diagnosis in cases of nodular goiter and Hashimoto thyroiditis. A total of 57 (13%) samples were inadequate for RT-PCR. Galectin-3 and CD44v6 were positive in 167 (45%) and 158 (43%) out of 371 adequate samples, respectively. Galectin-3 and CD44v6 were positive in 56 (86%) and 54 (83%) out of 65 papillary carcinomas, in 16 (29%) and 18 (32%) out of 56 Hashimoto's thyroiditis, in 61 (34%) and 52 (29%) out of 181 nodular goiters, in 23 (43%) and 23 (43%) out of 53 follicular adenomas, in 3 (100%) and 3 (100%) out of 3 follicular carcinomas, and in 8 (62%) and 8 (62%) out of 13 Hurthle cell adenomas, respectively. Specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values in discriminating between malignant and benign thyroid nodules were 64, 87, and 35 and 96% for galectin-3; 67, 84, and 36 and 95% for CD44v6; and 79, 82, and 47 and 95% for the analysis of both markers (considered positive only if both galectin-3 and CD44v6 were positive), respectively. Owing to relatively low specificity, the clinical value of galectin-3 and CD44v6 analysis by RT-PCR as a marker for preoperative diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid lesions is limited.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 RT-PCR is an alternative method to analyze the expression of marker genes. A trained expert cytologist is needed to analyze and interpret the results and the results somewhat depend on subjective interpretation of the cytologist.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 and CD44v6 as Markers for Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by RT-PCR

Šamija

Mateša²,

Lukač³

et al. 2011

Diagnostic Molecular Pathology

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“…29 It is known to be a multifunctional protein that participates in vital molecular steps such as cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, cell adhesion, angiogenesis, and many other functions that may contribute to carcinogenesis. Our finding that galectin-3 was overexpressed in parathyroid carcinomas (14 of 15, 92.3%), parathyroid adenomas (1 of 18, 5.6%), and hyperplastic parathyroid glands (2 of 14, 14.3%) agrees with those of previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining a molecular phenotype for benign and malignant parathyroid tumors

Fernández-Ranvier

Khanafshar

Tacha

et al. 2009

Cancer

100

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BACKGROUND:It is frequently difficult to establish histologically whether a parathyroid tumor is a parathyroid carcinoma, parathyromatosis, or an atypical adenoma. The authors asked whether these tumors have a distinctive molecular profile, whether benign tumors could be distinguished from malignant tumors, and whether parathyromatosis is a low‐grade parathyroid carcinoma or is benign tissue that can invade other organs.METHODS:Samples of parathyroid carcinoma, atypical adenoma, parathyromatosis, parathyroid adenoma, and hyperplasia were obtained for tissue microarray studies. The molecular expression of genes involved in parathyroid tumor progression (HRPT2 [“parafibromin”], galectin‐3, Ki‐67, Rb, p27, and mdm‐2) was investigated by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:Complete loss of parafibromin expression was seen in 5 of 16 (31.3%) parathyroid carcinomas; all parathyromatosis, atypical adenomas, adenomas, and hyperplasia stained positive for parafibromin. Loss of Rb expression was seen in 5 (33.3%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas and 1 (7.1%) of 14 parathyroid hyperplasias; all parathyromatosis, atypical adenomas, and adenomas stained positive. Galectin‐3 stained strongly positive in 14 (93.3%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas, and positive in 3 (18.7%) of 16 cases of parathyromatosis, 2 (100%) of 2 atypical adenomas, 1 (5.6%) of 18 adenomas, and 2 (14.3%) of 14 hyperplasias. The Ki‐67 proliferative index was high in 9 (60%) of 15 parathyroid carcinomas, 1 (6.7%) of 15 cases of parathyromatosis, 1 (5.6%) of 18 adenomas, and no atypical adenomas or hyperplasia. P27 and mdm‐2 protein expression did not differ appreciably among the tumor types.CONCLUSIONS:No single diagnostic marker currently determines whether a parathyroid tumor is a parathyroid carcinoma, but loss of parafibromin and Rb expression, and overexpression of galectin‐3, generally distinguish parathyroid carcinoma from other parathyroid tumors. Parathyromatosis does not appear to be a low‐grade parathyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.

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“…8,25 Follicular cancers (both minimally and widely invasive) featured less informative Gal3 expression. In line with the available literature, 21 50% of these cancers exhibited no Gal3 expression in cell block specimens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Galectin-3 Cytotest in Thyroid Follicular Neoplasia

Pennelli¹,

Mian²,

Pelizzo³

et al. 2009

Acta Cytologica

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Is galectin‐3 a good method for the detection of malignancy in patients with thyroid nodules and a cytologic diagnosis of “follicular neoplasm”? A critical appraisal of the evidence

Abstract: Galectin-3 could be a good tool to guide therapeutic decision in patients with thyroid nodules and FNAB results of follicular neoplasm, but available information has methodological flaws that precludes a definitive answer about galectin-3 utility in the clinical setting.

Cited by 22 publications

References 68 publications

Galectin-3 and CD44v6 as Markers for Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by RT-PCR

Galectin-3 and CD44v6 as Markers for Preoperative Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer by RT-PCR

Defining a molecular phenotype for benign and malignant parathyroid tumors

Galectin-3 Cytotest in Thyroid Follicular Neoplasia

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