Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive?

Mukherjee, Shreya; Pahan, Kalipada

doi:10.1007/s11481-020-09974-z

Cited by 171 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This finding was consistent with previous reports [9,20,21]. Several molecular differences influenced by sex hormones between genders that play a pivotal role in the entrance of SARS-CoV-2 into the human body might be responsible for the severity of the disease in male [22]. As mentioned above, MIS-C shares many similarities with KD.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical features and outcomes of 76 patients with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children

et al. 2021

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Objectives Multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a less understood and a rare complication of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Given the scarce data regarding this novel disease, we aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of our patients with MIS-C and to evaluate the associated factors for the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. Methods The MIS-C patients under 18 years old diagnosed and treated in three referral centers between July 2020 and March 2021 were included. Data of the patients were retrospectively obtained from their medical records. Results Overall, 76 subjects (24 females) with a mean age of 8.17 ± 4.42 years were enrolled. Twenty-seven (35.5%) patients were admitted to the PICUs. The two most common systemic involvement patterns were cardiac and gastrointestinal. There was only one lethal outcome in a patient with underlying acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Those with higher procalcitonin levels at admission were found to stay longer in the hospital (r = 0.254, p = 0.027). The risk of PICU admission increased with age (aOR: 1.277; 95% CI: 1.089-1.498; p = 0.003) and with decreased initial serum albumin levels (aOR: 0.105; 95% CI: 0.029-0.378; p = 0.001). Conclusion Although there is a wide clinical variability among the patients with MIS-C, we suggest that those with older age and lower initial serum albumin levels merit close monitoring due to their higher risk for PICU admission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Clinical features and outcomes of 76 patients with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children

et al. 2021

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“…Regarding differences by gender, and despite the fact that men and women seem to have the same risk of infection by this virus (106), there are significant differences in the course and outcome of the disease between them, and worse outcomes and higher NAbs titers among the male population (98,104,107). Indeed, clinical outcomes show that males experience both a higher severity and fatality for COVID-19 infection than females (108,109). Worth noting, an article by Takahashi et al highlights the importance of specific cytokines such as IL-8 and IL-18, as well as the role of non-classical monocytes and the significantly diminished T cell responses in male patients with unfavorable outcomes (110).…”

Section: Neutralizing Antibody Response: Importance and Considerations On Its Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review

et al. 2021

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The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread worldwide as a severe pandemic. Although its seroprevalence is highly variable among territories, it has been reported at around 10%, but higher in health workers. Evidence regarding cross-neutralizing response between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is still controversial. However, other previous coronaviruses may interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection, since they are phylogenetically related and share the same target receptor. Further, the seroconversion of IgM and IgG occurs at around 12 days post onset of symptoms and most patients have neutralizing titers on days 14-20, with great titer variability. Neutralizing antibodies correlate positively with age, male sex, and severity of the disease. Moreover, the use of convalescent plasma has shown controversial results in terms of safety and efficacy, and due to the variable immune response among individuals, measuring antibody titers before transfusion is mostly required. Similarly, cellular immunity seems to be crucial in the resolution of the infection, as SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells circulate to some extent in recovered patients. Of note, the duration of the antibody response has not been well established yet.

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“…En España, al inicio de la pandemia, fue más frecuente en los hombres y luego, en las mujeres; a fines de abril del 2020, la mortalidad era la misma en hombres (67 %) que en mujeres (66 %) (21) . Otros reportes muestran que los hombres experimentan una mayor gravedad y mortalidad por la COVID-19 (3,(22)(23)(24)(25) . Las mujeres son más vulnerables a la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 entre los 30 y 60 años y la tasa de letalidad es más alta en hombres (hombres/mujeres entre 1,4 y 1,7) (26) .…”

Section: Análisis Estadísticounclassified

“…El periodo de incubación de la enfermedad fue de 5 días, en promedio; en todos los casos las manifestaciones se desarrollaron en los 12 días posteriores a la infección (22,23,29) . Los síntomas de la COVID-19 son extremadamente heterogéneos y varían de cuadros muy leves a de extrema gravedad (23,30) .…”

Section: Análisis Estadísticounclassified

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Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un hospital situado en la altura

et al. 2021

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Objetivo: Determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un hospital situado en la altura. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de diseño observacional, transversal y analítico realizado en el Hospital Daniel Alcides Carrión de Huancayo, Perú, ubicado a 3250 m s. n. m. La población estuvo conformada por 2248 personas. El diagnóstico de COVID-19 fue realizado con la prueba serológica y/o la prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa transcriptasa inversa (RT-PCR). Los datos se registraron en un cuestionario. Para el análisis estadístico se emplearon las pruebas de X2 y t de Student, y la regresión logística bivariada y multivariada. El valor de p < 0,05 fue considerado significativo. Resultados: La población con diagnóstico de COVID-19 fue de 760 pacientes (100,00 %). De ellos, los hombres fueron los más afectados con el 62,36 % (474 personas). El promedio de edad fue de 49 años (rango: 15 a 95) y el mayor número de casos se encontró en el grupo etario de 40 a 59 años (38,82 %), sobre todo entre las amas de casa (21, 44 %) y los comerciantes (19,21 %). Los síntomas más comunes de la COVID-19 fueron tos (70,26 %), malestar general (57,63 %), dificultad respiratoria (48,81 %), fiebre (48,15 %) y dolor de garganta (44,21 %). Entre las comorbilidades más frecuentes encontramos obesidad (4,47 %), diabetes mellitus (2,76 %) e hipertensión arterial (1,31 %). El 51,71 % de los pacientes requirió hospitalización y la frecuencia de letalidad fue de 14,21 %. Los factores asociados a un riesgo de mortalidad fueron la edad de 60 años a más (

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Is COVID-19 Gender-sensitive?

Cited by 171 publications

References 61 publications

Clinical features and outcomes of 76 patients with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children

Clinical features and outcomes of 76 patients with COVID-19-related multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children

Antibody Responses in COVID-19: A Review

Caracterización clínica y epidemiológica de los pacientes con COVID-19 en un hospital situado en la altura

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