Is Cl− protection against silver toxicity due to chemical speciation?

Bielmyer, Gretchen K.; Brix, Kevin V.; Grosell, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.01.004

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Specifically, differing isotonic points between the species or different strategies for Cl – uptake may have influenced Ni toxicity. Bielmyer et al reported differences in Cl – protection against silver toxicity to fish species with different strategies for Cl – uptake. Chloride uptake strategies may change in estuarine organisms dependent on the salinity of the water, which also may change their susceptibility to metal toxicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both K. marmoratus and F. heteroclitus were used in the present study because these fish can tolerate a wide range of salinities, are amenable to laboratory conditions, and have been shown to be sensitive to metals [13,14,16,[26][27][28][29]. The use of a euryhaline fish for testing Ni toxicity across a range of water salinities is ideal for determining changes attributable both to water chemistry and to organisms' physiology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Organism physiology, both between species and in different salinity waters, have been shown to influence metal toxicity [15,28,29]. In freshwater, teleosts ionoregulate by actively taking up Na þ and Clat the gill, whereas saltwater-acclimated fish actively excrete Na þ and Clat the gill, and constantly drink water to combat the hypertonic environment and dehydration [22,27,[30][31][32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

Bielmyer

Decarlo

Morris

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Nickel (Ni) is a common pollutant found in aquatic environments and may be harmful at elevated concentrations. Increasing salinity has been shown to decrease the bioavailability and toxicity of other metals to aquatic organisms. In the present study, acute Ni toxicity experiments (96-h) were conducted at various salinities (0-36 ppt) to determine the effects of salinity on Ni toxicity to 2 euryhaline fish species, Kryptolebias marmoratus and Fundulus heteroclitus. Nickel concentrations causing lethality to 50% of the fish ranged from 2 mg/L in moderately hard freshwater to 66.6 mg/L in 36 ppt saltwater. Nickel toxicity to F. heteroclitus decreased linearly with increasing salinity; however, Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus was only lowered by salinities above 6 ppt, demonstrating potential physiological differences between the 2 species when they are functioning as freshwater fish. Furthermore, the authors investigated the influence of Mg(2+) , Ca(2+) , Na(+) , and Cl(-) on Ni toxicity to F. heteroclitus. Freshwater with up to 120 mg/L Ca(2+) as CaSO4 , 250 mg/L Mg(2+) as MgSO4 , or 250 mg/L Na(+) as NaHCO3 did not provide protection against Ni toxicity. Alternatively, 250 mg/L Na(+) , as NaCl, was protective against Ni toxicity; and the extent of protection was similar to that demonstrated from salt water with the same Cl(-) concentration. These results suggest that Cl(-) is the predominant ion responsible for reducing Ni toxicity to K. marmoratus and F. heteroclitus in higher salinity waters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

Bielmyer

Decarlo

Morris

et al. 2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Silver in its ionic form (Ag þ ) is highly toxic to freshwater fish, due to its accumulation in gills and causing an inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and branchial Na þ /K þ ATPase activity [10e13]. The inhibition of branchial Na þ /K þ ATPase activity due to silver toxicity leads to ionoregulatory disturbances, circulatory collapse and finally death [10,14,15]. The Na þ /K þ ATPase molecules which are located at the basolateral membrane of the gill epithelium is highly sensitive to silver and may be the key target for silver ion [6,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute and sublethal effects in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to silver nitrate: Gill Na+/K+-ATPase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical alterations

Sathya

Ramesh

Poopal

et al. 2012

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…It is also used for the preparation of corrosion-resistant alloys, processing of foods, beverages, drugs, and in water sterilization due to fungicidal properties [3][4][5][6][7]. For instance in presence of Cl À1 , silver ions organize chloro-complexes (AgCl n (nÀ1)À ) that forms different level of toxicity by increasing concentration of Cl À1 [12,13]. Therefore, silver is considered as a dangerous pollutant for natural waters in EU legislation [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast sono assisted ferrofluid mediated silver super – Adsorption over magnesium ferrite-copper sulfide chalcogenide with the aid of multivariate optimization

Rezaei

Beyki

Shemirani

2017

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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This research focuses on the development of a fast ultrasonic assisted ferrofluid mediated methodology to obtain the optimum conditions for silver adsorption from aqueous solutions. For this purpose magnesium ferrite-copper sulfide chalcogenide was synthesized and employed as an efficient nanosorbent. The sorbent was characterized with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and vibrational sample magnetometry (VSM) techniques. For obtaining the optimal operating conditions of silver adsorption, response surface methodology (RSM) was used. Tests were performed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). The value of optimum conditions for silver adsorption include pH=2.5, adsorbent dosage=10.0mg, sonicating time=1min and ionic strength=2.2%. According optimum conditions, percentage of removal should be 99.34%. With replication of similar experiment (n=6) average percentage of 100±0.95% was obtained for Ag adsorption which shows good agreement between predicted and experimental results. Silver ion adsorption follow Langmuir model with maximum sorption capacity of 2113mgg. Ultrasonic power helped to prepare ferrofluid and demonstrated that had an important role in better dispersing of it in solution and efficient adsorption of analyte.

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Is Cl− protection against silver toxicity due to chemical speciation?

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

The influence of salinity on acute nickel toxicity to the two euryhaline fish species, Fundulus heteroclitus and Kryptolebias marmoratus

Acute and sublethal effects in an Indian major carp Cirrhinus mrigala exposed to silver nitrate: Gill Na+/K+-ATPase, plasma electrolytes and biochemical alterations

Fast sono assisted ferrofluid mediated silver super – Adsorption over magnesium ferrite-copper sulfide chalcogenide with the aid of multivariate optimization

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