Is atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy associated with individual and contextual characteristics? A nationwide study in France

Ouidir, Marion; Lepeule, Johanna; Siroux, Valérie; Malherbe, Laure; Meleux, F.; Rivière, Emmanuel; Launay, Ludivine; Zaros, Cécile; Cheminat, Marie; Munier, Charles; Slama, Rémy

doi:10.1136/jech-2016-208674

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…As no previous literature exists regarding particulate matter exposure and socioeconomic status within this study setting, studies from other European countries were considered. To begin, higher concentrations of various PM fractions were detected in neighborhoods composed of >20% non-white persons in England and non-Western immigrants the Netherlands [66].This trend continued among low-SES persons, specifically including low education, in an Italian study [2]as well as among the most deprived neighborhoods in England [16,66] and France [9]. These European studies correspond to our presented results, especially throughout the entire MAPSS study population and Malmö, with few deviations.…”

Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

Connecting Air Pollution Exposure to Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study on Environmental Injustice among Pregnant Women in Scania, Sweden

Flanagan

Oudin

Malmqvist

2019

IJERPH

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Environmental injustice, characterized by lower socioeconomic status (SES) persons being subjected to higher air pollution concentrations, was explored among pregnant women in Scania, Sweden. Understanding if the general reduction of air pollution recorded is enjoyed by all SES groups could illuminate existing inequalities and inform policy development. “Maternal Air Pollution in Southern Sweden”, an epidemiological database, contains data for 48,777 pregnancies in Scanian hospital catchment areas and includes births from 1999–2009. SES predictors considered included education level, household disposable income, and birth country. A Gaussian dispersion model was used to model women’s average NOX and PM2.5 exposure at home residence over the pregnancy period. Total concentrations were dichotomized into emission levels below/above respective Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Clean Air objectives. The data were analyzed using binary logistic regression. A sensitivity analysis facilitated the investigation of associations’ variation over time. Lower-SES women born outside Sweden were disproportionately exposed to higher pollutant concentrations. Odds of exposure to NOX above Swedish EPA objectives reduced over time, especially for low-SES persons. Environmental injustice exists in Scania, but it lessened with declining overall air pollution levels, implying that continued air quality improvement could help protect vulnerable populations and further reduce environmental inequalities.

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Section: Main Findingssupporting

confidence: 89%

Connecting Air Pollution Exposure to Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study on Environmental Injustice among Pregnant Women in Scania, Sweden

Flanagan

Oudin

Malmqvist

2019

IJERPH

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“…In France [37] higher exposure to pollutants (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 ) is clearly linked to deprivation in nearly all settings and analyses with some small exceptions in rural areas. However, Bertin [30] finds a negative relationship between NO 2 and neighborhood deprivation in Northern France.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

Fairburn

Schüle

Dreger

et al. 2019

IJERPH

111

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Ambient air pollution is a long-standing and significant public health issue. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the peer-reviewed evidence on social inequalities and ambient air pollution in the World Health Organization European Region. Articles published between 2010 and 2017 were analyzed in the review. In total 31 articles were included in the review. There is good evidence from ecological studies that higher deprivation indices and low economic position are usually linked with higher levels of pollutants such as particulate matter (particulate matter under 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter, PM2.5, PM10) and oxides of nitrogen (e.g., NO2, and NOx). There is also evidence that ethnic minorities experience a mixed exposure in comparison to the majority population being sometimes higher and sometimes lower depending on the ethnic minority under consideration. The studies using data at the individual level in this review are mainly focused on pregnant women or new mothers, in these studies deprivation and ethnicity are more likely to be linked to higher exposures of poor air quality. Therefore, there is evidence in this review that the burden of higher pollutants falls disproportionally on different social groups.

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“…In France, among pregnant women, Ouidir et al. observed an increase in air pollutant (

) levels with area-level social deprivation in urban areas ( Ouidir et al. 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants

Robinson

Tamayo

Castro

et al. 2018

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:The urban exposome is the set of environmental factors that are experienced in the outdoor urban environment and that may influence child development.Objective:The authors’ goal was to describe the urban exposome among European pregnant women and understand its socioeconomic determinants.Methods:Using geographic information systems, remote sensing and spatio-temporal modeling we estimated exposure during pregnancy to 28 environmental indicators in almost 30,000 women from six population-based birth cohorts, in nine urban areas from across Europe. Exposures included meteorological factors, air pollutants, traffic noise, traffic indicators, natural space, the built environment, public transport, facilities, and walkability. Socioeconomic position (SEP), assessed at both the area and individual level, was related to the exposome through an exposome-wide association study and principal component (PC) analysis.Results:Mean±standard deviation (SD) NO2 levels ranged from 13.6±5.1 μg/m3 (in Heraklion, Crete) to 43.2±11 μg/m3 (in Sabadell, Spain), mean±SD walkability score ranged from 0.22±0.04 (Kaunas, Lithuania) to 0.32±0.07 (Valencia, Spain) and mean±SD Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ranged from 0.21±0.05 in Heraklion to 0.51±0.1 in Oslo, Norway. Four PCs explained more than half of variation in the urban exposome. There was considerable heterogeneity in social patterning of the urban exposome across cities. For example, high-SEP (based on family education) women lived in greener, less noisy, and less polluted areas in Bradford, UK (0.39 higher PC1 score, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.31, 0.47), but the reverse was observed in Oslo (−0.57 PC1 score, 95% CI: −0.73, −0.41). For most cities, effects were stronger when SEP was assessed at the area level: In Bradford, women living in high SEP areas had a 1.34 higher average PC1 score (95% CI: 1.21, 1.48).Conclusions:The urban exposome showed considerable variability across Europe. Pregnant women of low SEP were exposed to higher levels of environmental hazards in some cities, but not others, which may contribute to inequities in child health and development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2862

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Is atmospheric pollution exposure during pregnancy associated with individual and contextual characteristics? A nationwide study in France

Cited by 19 publications

References 38 publications

Connecting Air Pollution Exposure to Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study on Environmental Injustice among Pregnant Women in Scania, Sweden

Connecting Air Pollution Exposure to Socioeconomic Status: A Cross-Sectional Study on Environmental Injustice among Pregnant Women in Scania, Sweden

Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

The Urban Exposome during Pregnancy and Its Socioeconomic Determinants

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