Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

Fairburn, Jonathan; Schüle, Steffen Andreas; Dreger, Steffen; Hilz, Lisa Karla; Bolte, Gabriele

doi:10.3390/ijerph16173127

Cited by 112 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Ethnicity/race has interaction with many social, psychosocial and environmental factors. In the US and Europe, minority neighborhood tends to be exposed to heavier air pollution, indicating that ethnic/racial difference may result from residential segregation 15,17,18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Background Hypertension, a major risk factor of many sever chronic diseases and leading cause of global disease burden, is reported associated with exposure to PM 2.5. China's high PM 2.5 pollution level has become a major public health issue. However, existing studies from China on the effect of PM 2.5 exposure on hypertension have got inconsistent results with very limited investigation into the multi-ethnic people. This study adds multi-ethnic evidence from Sichuan Province, southwestern China, and assesses ethnic differences of PM 2.5 exposure effect on hypertension. Methods We pooled large cross-sectional data from two surveys conducted in Sichuan province in 2013 and 2018 to exam the effect of long-term exposure to PM 2.5 on prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 30 years old and above. Community-speci ed annual PM 2.5 concentration was estimated using satellite data. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 and hypertension prevalence in the whole population, speci c ethnic populations and population (including Han and ethnic minority people) living in same areas. Results 31462 participants with an average age of 56 years old were included. The average exposure concentration was 32.8 µg/m 3. The proportions of the Han, the Tibetan, the Yi, and other ethnic people were 89.2%, 7.3%, 3.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.12) for a 10 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 concentration increment for the whole population. The adjusted ORs for the Han, the Tibetan, and the Yi were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04-1.12), 0.03 (95% CI, 0.00-0.27), and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.28-2.38) for a 10 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 concentration increment, respectively. Strati cation analysis found stronger associations in participants with chronic diseases and Yi minority population. Conclusion Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 may increase the risk of hypertension prevalence in Chinese multi-ethnic adults. Stronger associations were found in people with chronic disease and Yi minority group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Climate change is expected to increase wildfire risk, which, in turn, will increase particulate matter levels, and associated health risks [23]. Exposure to PM is not uniform among population groups; higher levels of PM have been found to be associated with higher deprivation indices and low economic position in a recent review [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Low-Cost Sensor Community Air Monitoring Network in Imperial County, CA

English

Amato

Bejarano

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Air monitoring networks developed by communities have potential to reduce exposures and affect environmental health policy, yet there have been few performance evaluations of networks of these sensors in the field. We developed a network of over 40 air sensors in Imperial County, CA, which is delivering real-time data to local communities on levels of particulate matter. We report here on the performance of the Network to date by comparing the low-cost sensor readings to regulatory monitors for 4 years of operation (2015–2018) on a network-wide basis. Annual mean levels of PM10 did not differ statistically from regulatory annual means, but did for PM2.5 for two out of the 4 years. R2s from ordinary least square regression results ranged from 0.16 to 0.67 for PM10, and increased each year of operation. Sensor variability was higher among the Network monitors than the regulatory monitors. The Network identified a larger number of pollution episodes and identified under-reporting by the regulatory monitors. The participatory approach of the project resulted in increased engagement from local and state agencies and increased local knowledge about air quality, data interpretation, and health impacts. Community air monitoring networks have the potential to provide real-time reliable data to local populations.

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“…Moreover, the neighborhood SES indicator in this study did not re ect participants with lower socio-economic status. In literature, the pattern of air pollution is often described as U-shaped , although the most deprived areas have the highest levels of poor air quality, the least deprived areas also experience higher levels of air pollutants than some other social groups [37]. In our cohort, the mean ADI was 18.1% for lower educated mothers, 15.3% for medium education mothers and, as described in literature, we observed a slightly higher ADI of 15.6% for higher educated women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…neighborhood SES and residential exposure to noise. A systematic review in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region showed that lower neighborhood SES is usually linked with higher levels of air pollutants [37]. Independent from higher levels of exposure, deprived mothers may have a higher vulnerability, leading to more pronounced adverse health effects of a given environmental exposure [38].…”

Section: Potential Covariates Of Hair Cortisol Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential exposure to air pollution, access to neighborhood greenspace and their association with hair cortisol concentrations in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

Verheyen¹,

Rémy²,

Lambrechts³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Exposure to air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in studies worldwide, other studies have described beneficial effects of residential greenspace on pregnancy outcomes. The biological mechanisms that underlie these associations are incompletely understood. Recent studies have shown that a biological stress response, with release of cortisol, may underlie associations between air pollution and health effects. The available research on air pollution exposure in relation to biological stress during pregnancy is still scarce. Methods: We explored associations between residential exposure to air pollution, access to neighborhood greenspace and hair cortisol concentrations in a prospective pregnancy cohort study. We modelled participants’ residential air pollutant concentrations (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC)), assessed residential distance to a major road and access to a neighborhood greenspace. Hair cortisol concentrations, reflecting cortisol secretion over a period of 3 months prior to sampling, were determined at the end of the second (n = 133) and third pregnancy trimester (n = 81). Results: Three-month mean residential NO2 and BC concentrations were positively associated with third pregnancy trimester hair cortisol concentrations. The residential distance to a major road was negatively associated with second and third trimester hair cortisol concentrations. Access to a greenspace of 10 hectares or more within 800 meters travel distance significantly moderated the association between residential proximity to a major road and second trimester hair cortisol concentrations. At an average residential distance of 304 meters from a major road, mean second trimester HCC were estimated 22% lower for mothers with access to a neighborhood greenspace (3.71 (95% CI: 3.24, 4.24) pg/mg hair) compared to mothers without access (4.22 (95% CI: 3.26, 5.47) pg/mg hair). The moderation tended towards significance in the third trimester (p < 0.10). Conclusions: Increased residential exposure to air pollution and closer proximity to a major road are associated with an increased biological stress response in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, access to neighborhood greenspace may moderate the association. Trial registration: The IPANEMA study is registered under number NCT02592005 at clinicaltrials.gov.

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Social Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution: A Systematic Review in the WHO European Region

Cited by 112 publications

References 63 publications

Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys

Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys

Performance of a Low-Cost Sensor Community Air Monitoring Network in Imperial County, CA

Residential exposure to air pollution, access to neighborhood greenspace and their association with hair cortisol concentrations in the second and third trimester of pregnancy

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