Is anorexia nervosa a version of autism spectrum disorders?

Oldershaw, Anna; Treasure, Janet; Hambrook, David; Tchanturia, Kate; Schmidt, Ulrike

doi:10.1002/erv.1069

Cited by 136 publications

(117 citation statements)

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“…Exploring differences in the set-shifting profiles of children and adults with AN would speak to debates of whether neurocognitive traits such as set-shifting underlie the disorder. Since the publication of the study of Oldershaw et al (2011), additional studies have been published in both AN and ASD, as demonstrated by the review presented here. As these studies are crosssectional and not longitudinal, inferences on the aetiology of ASD and AN cannot be made but statistically comparing the severity of set-shifting difficulties will aid in the comparison of the neuropsychological profiles of the two disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…A systematic review of the prevalence of ASD in AN reported a mean rate of 23% (Huke et al 2013); however, six of the included studies came from the same Swedish community sample and this line of research is ongoing (Nielsen et al 2015). There are also similarities in cognitive style between AN and ASD (Gillberg et al 2010;Oldershaw et al 2011;Courty et al 2013;Tchanturia et al 2013a) reported in the literature. Although elevated levels of autistic traits have consistently been found within AN populations (Baron-Cohen et al 2013;Tchanturia et al 2013b;Huke et al 2014;Rhind et al 2014;Westwood et al 2016) it is not known whether the presence of these traits represents a shared, underlying mechanism (Zucker et al 2007;Odent, 2010;Allely, 2013) or whether individuals with AN come to resemble those with ASD due to the chronic, starved state associated with the disorder (Pellicano & Hiller, 2013;Treasure, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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Difficulties in set-shifting are commonly reported in both autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) populations. Despite this, it is not known whether this cognitive profile persists across different ages, or whether the profiles seen in ASD and AN are comparable. This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to compare the set-shifting profiles, as measured by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in adults and younger people with either ASD or AN, relative to healthy controls (HCs) and to statistically compare performance on the WCST between ASD and AN. In all, 24 studies on ASD and 22 studies on AN were identified. In ASD, there were significant differences between the clinical group and HCs, with the ASD group making significantly more perseverative errors, indicating greater difficulty in set-shifting [pooled effect size of d = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.81, p 4 0.001]. This effect was consistent across the age span. For AN studies, there was a significant difference between adults with AN and HCs (d = 0.52, 95% CI 0.36-0.68, p 4 0.001) but a non-significant effect in child studies (d = 0.25, 95% CI −0.05 to 0.55, z = 1.66, p = 0.096). Meta-regression indicated no effect of diagnosis (AN or ASD) on performance in adult studies but there was a nonsignificant trend (p = 0.053) towards children with ASD performing worse than children with AN. While difficulties with set-shifting appear to be stable in ASD, there may be differences between children and adults with AN, which warrant further investigation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The set-shifting profiles of anorexia nervosa and autism spectrum disorder using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…Klinikai tapasztalatunkkal megegyezően számos kutató [38,39,40] nevezett meg egy harmadik alcsoportot, amely olyan neuropszichológiai, szociális-kommunikációs profi llal rendelkezik, amely megegyezik az autizmusspektrum-zavarban megfi gyeltekkel: alacsony társas érdeklődés, rugalmatlan gondolkodás, sztereotip magatartás, gyenge centrális koherencia, gyengébb exekutív funkciók jellemzik az e csoportba tartozó betege-…”

Section: Az Endofenotípusok Jelentőségéről (2 Táblázat)unclassified

The challenging heterogenity of anorexia nervosa. Neurobiological risk factors and possible endophenotypes

Pászthy

2014

Orvosi Hetilap

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Az anorexia nervosa leginkább gyermekkorban vagy fi atal felnőttkorban jelentkező krónikus, az életminőséget jelentősen rontó betegség. A szerzők kurrens szakirodalmi adatokra támaszkodva mutatják be a kórkép heterogenitását, a korai kezdetű formák speciális diagnosztikus megfontolásait. Az elmúlt évtized tudományos kutatásai arra világítottak rá, hogy korábban az etiopatogenezis szempontjából dominánsnak gondolt pszichológiai, családi, tár-sadalmi tényezők (soványság iránti kulturális preferencia, kedvezőtlen családi működés, perfekcionizmus) mellett a genetikai-neurobiológiai tényezők legalább azonos súllyal esnek latba. Az evészavarok heritabilitása olyan kórképe-kéhez közelít, amelyeket klasszikusan biológiailag meghatározottnak gondolunk. Jelen dolgozat összefoglalást ad az utóbbi években leginkább vizsgált neurobiológiai, neuropszichológiai kockázati tényezőkről, amelyek a vulnerabilitás biológiai alapját képezhetik. Bár eddig nem sikerült egyetlen közös kockázati tényezőt találni, több olyan eltérés is ismert, amelyek az anorexiás betegek jól elkülöníthető alcsoportjaihoz köthetők. Az endo-és szubfenotípusokban való gondolkodás több betegségben eredményezett célzottabb és hatékonyabb terápiás lehetőségeket, a referátum utolsó részében ennek lehetőségét mutatják be a szerzők az anorexia nervosára vonatkoztatva. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(4), 124-131. Kulcsszavak: anorexia nervosa, kockázati tényezők, neurobiológia, endofenotípusThe challenging heterogenity of anorexia nervosa Neurobiological risk factors and possible endophenotypesAnorexia nervosa is a serious, chronical state of illness which often starts in childhood or adolescence and has serious consequences on the quality of life. This review focuses on the heterogenity of the disease with emphasis on special diagnostic implications in case of childhood onset. Research fi ndings of the last decade showed that genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities are at least as potent risk factors as psychological, family constellations and sociocultural preferences. The heritability of eating disorders levels those of diseases predominantly infl uenced by biological factors. The authors give a summary of the most investigated neurobiologic and neurocognitive factors which could be the fundaments of a biological vulnerablilty. To date, no common risk factor could be identifi ed, but some existing adversities can clearly be related to distinct subgroups with the disorder. The concept of endo-and subphenotypes leads to more specifi c and more effi ciant methods of therapy in other somatic and psychiatric diseases.

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“…3 Specifically, behavioural risk factors typically associated with autismspectrum disorder (ASD) are consistently found in patients with anorexia nervosa. 4 For instance, affected women typically exhibit perfectionism, particularly regarding symmetry and exactness, 5 obsessive-compulsiveness, low cooperativeness, low novelty-seeking, impaired social cognition 6,7 and set-shifting difficulties. 8 Moreover, a large number of studies have found persistently elevated levels of autistic traits in patients with anorexia nervosa, 4,7,[9][10][11][12][13] and autistic traits and eating disorder behaviours are correlated in typically developing children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%