Is all work the same? A comparison of the determinants of female participation and hours of work in various employment states in Egypt

Assaad, Ragui; El-Hamidi, Fatma

doi:10.1016/s1094-5334(01)04009-2

Cited by 18 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For males, in 2004, and in addition to the significance of the share of public and government employment as a determining factor in obtaining a white collar job, the older the worker, with secondary or university education, and a sizeable household, the more likely he obtains a white collar job relative to a blue collar one. In fact, these findings are in agreement with preliminary findings of 2006 ELMS study by Assaad and El-Hamidi (2008) pointing to the fact that most of the female workers who have joined the manufacturing sector are young unmarried secondary school graduates still living with their parents.…”

Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The most dramatic increase in the female share was in the textiles and garments sector, where the female share doubled from 15 percent in 1998 to 30 percent in 2006, followed by food manufacturing. This development has helped compensate for the declining share of female employment in both government and public sectors (Assaad and El-Hamidi, 2008).…”

Section: Data and Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gender-Based Wage and Occupational Inequality in the New Millenium in Egypt

El-Hamidi

Said²

2014

jda

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This paper adds to the existing literature on the Egyptian labor market by examining the extent to which the treatment of women in the Egyptian private labor market has evolved, and if occupational segregation has affected gender wage gaps in the newly transformed Egyptian economy. The paper tracks the current trend of gender based wage gaps, and evaluates the role of occupational segregation in explaining these gaps in the Egyptian private labor market. Comparing the years 2000 and 2004, and arranging occupations in three broad categories, findings of this study point to a wider occupational segregation and increased crowding of women in few jobs, which are becoming a more serious issue in pay differences than pure pay discrimination for both professional and blue collar women. Pay discrimination for white collar workers is not as severe as in professional and blue collar jobs. Therefore, policies that target inter-occupational components to close the wage gap may have far-reaching effects on professional and blue-collar workers, whereas policies targeting equal pay for equal jobs will have a greater success for white-collar workers.JEL Classifications: J71, J16, J24, J31 and C20

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Section: Findings and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Data and Sample Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-Based Wage and Occupational Inequality in the New Millenium in Egypt

El-Hamidi

Said²

2014

jda

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“…In general, the majority of women appear to be submitting to the traditional division of roles between husbands and wives. While the vast majority of women believe that a wife 'needs her husband's permission before everything, especially leaving home' (Assaad & El-Hamidi, 2001), women are significantly less likely to wait for their husband's opinion on discretionary household spending, birth control or decisions about childcare. They also leave home for daily tasks such as dropping children off at school and shopping for the household, without getting permission from their husband.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When disputes emerge, they last for years in courts. Paradoxically, the regulation does not protect workers in the private sector (Assaad & El-Hamidi, 2001;Panizza, 2001). In addition to this, women prefer working in the public sector because of its shorter and more regular hours that are more compatible with domestic duties.…”

Section: Women's Practices Of Self-autonomy In the Labour Market And mentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

EL-Halawany

2009

Research in Comparative and International Education

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This research aims to compare the effect of higher education on some Upper Egyptian women's practice of self autonomy at both work and home. The most important revelation this research makes is the fact that although no one can deny the importance and significance of higher education to Upper Egyptian women, yet it failed to challenge the traditional gender division of work. Hence, it affected negatively Upper Egyptian women's perceptions of self-autonomy. The empirical evidence laid down in this research emphasizes that the relationship between women's higher education and their self-autonomy, empowerment, and gender equality yields consistently positive effects of education on some aspects, especially on their participation in decision-making at home. However, women seem to be unaware of their possession of such power. For other aspects of women's life, the empirical evidence suggests that a range of underlying social, cultural and especially economic conditions need to be more favourable in order for women's higher education to have a beneficial effect on gender equality and women's mastery of self-autonomy.A humanizing education is the path through which men and women can become conscious about their presence in the world. (Freire, 1989, p. 14)

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“…Possible reasons for the rise in female participation could be not only declining fertility rates but also increasing education. Also, job prospects for women have improved, owing to explicit government policies to facilitate their participation in the labor force (Assaad and El-Hamidi, 2001). 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 Labor market outcomes are determined not only by supply but also by demand.…”

Section: Stylized Facts Labor Supply and Labor Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Has Unemployment in Algeria Been Higher Than in Mena and Transition Countries

Kpodar

2007

IMF Working Papers

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Is all work the same? A comparison of the determinants of female participation and hours of work in various employment states in Egypt

Cited by 18 publications

References 6 publications

Gender-Based Wage and Occupational Inequality in the New Millenium in Egypt

Gender-Based Wage and Occupational Inequality in the New Millenium in Egypt

Higher Education and Some Upper Egyptian Women's Negotiation of Self-Autonomy at Work and Home

Why Has Unemployment in Algeria Been Higher Than in Mena and Transition Countries

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