Irrigation of paddy soil with industrial landfill leachate: impacts in rice productivity, plant nutrition, and chemical characteristics of soil

Abstract

Treated industrial effluents have high levels of nutrients and dissolved organic matter. The irrigation of rice by flooding can increase nutrient uptake and grain yield. Therefore, this study evaluated the nutrient contents in the shoots and grain of the rice crop and also the chemical of the soil after irrigation of the crop with leachate of the treated industrial effluent. A greenhouse experiment was conducted using pots filled with 20 kg of soil in a randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of control (irrigation with distilled water) and four concentrations of the leachate (25, 50, 75, and 100 %) for irrigation. At the end of the experiment, the nutrient contents in tissues of rice plants, sterility of spikelets, and grain mass were evaluated. Results showed that irrigation with the leachate at 25 % content increased the macro-and micronutrients' concentrations in the shoot biomass and grain, except for potassium and iron. Irrigation with the industrial leachate decreased tillering and grain yield; however, it increased chlorophyll content, sterility of spikelets, and sodium intake at this leachate concentration. The potassium and sodium levels and the electrical conductivity values of soils irrigated with treated industrial leachate were increased. The use of the treated leachate from industrial effluents is an alternative that reuses the nutritional load, but the volume of leachate should be limited and monitored to prevent the sodicity in the soil and problemsdue to eutrophication.

Integrated crop–livestock systems in lowlands increase the availability of nutrients to irrigated rice

“…Grazing leads to a constant regrowth of young leaves, stems, and tiller, which generally have higher lability and, consequently, faster mineralization and nutrient release at the end of the stocking period (Assmann et al, 2017) Another important factor is the nutrients release from animal excreta, mainly from manure, which contribute to the greater availability of nutrients in the soil (de Faccio Carvalho et al, 2010). This quick release at the beginning of the flooding period is important for irrigated rice nutrition, which requires large amounts of nutrients in the early stages of development (Carlos et al, 2016). This requirement is especially due to the extensive development of rice plant tissues, mainly due to the emission of new tillers and the elongation of the leaf area (Counce, Keisling, & Mitchell, 2000).…”

Influence of Blast on the Nutrition and Yield of Irrigated Rice in Southern Brazil

“…Leaf blast severity assessments were performed when the first symptoms of the disease appeared and every 7 days after using an IRRI scale (2013). With the disease severity data over time, the Area Under the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) was calculated according to Campbell and Madden (1990).…”

A long‐term no‐tillage system can increase enzymatic activity and maintain bacterial richness in paddy fields

“…Microorganisms have great importance in the mineralization of organic compounds in the soil and release of nutrients for plant nutrition (Carlos et al, 2016(Carlos et al, , 2020. Extracellular enzyme (EE) activity is affected by the cultivation system, plant residues, and soil depth (Carlos et al, 2020;Martins et al, 2017).…”