Irreversibly Adsorbed Tri-metallic PtBiPd/C Electrocatalyst for the Efficient Formic Acid Oxidation Reaction

Abstract

The PtBi/C and PtBiPd/C electrocatalysts were synthesized via the irreversible adsorption of Pd and Bi ions precursors on commercial Pt/C catalysts. XRD and XPS revealed the formation of an alloy structure among Pt, Bi, and Pd atoms. The current of direct formic acid oxidation (I d) increased ~ 8 and 16 times for the PtBi/C and PtBiPd/C catalysts, respectively, than that of commercial Pt/C because of the electronic, geometric, and third body effects. In addition, the increased ratio between the current of direct formic acid oxidation (I d) and the current of indirect formic acid oxidation (I i n d

Tailor-designed nanowire-structured iron and nickel oxides on platinum catalyst for formic acid electro-oxidation

“…[5][6][7][8][9] The most signicant factors that inuence the nal output of DFAFCs are the electrocatalysts for both the anode and cathode electrodes, where Pt and Pd-based catalysts have been extensively studied due to their outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability. 7,10 Formic acid (FA) is one of the smallest organic molecules likely to be used, with only two electrons shared. Thus, it has been used as a model molecule in the study of the oxidation of other organic compounds with more intricate structures and oxidation mechanisms.…”

“…3,4 This is in addition to the utilization of a superior liquid fuel with high safety, low toxicity, low-ammability, ready availability, ambient temperature operability and low fuel crossover ux through Naon membranes. [5][6][7][8][9] The most signicant factors that inuence the nal output of DFAFCs are the electrocatalysts for both the anode and cathode electrodes, where Pt and Pd-based catalysts have been extensively studied due to their outstanding catalytic activity and long-term stability. 7,10 Formic acid (FA) is one of the smallest organic molecules likely to be used, with only two electrons shared.…”

“…3,4 This is in addition to the utilization of a superior liquid fuel with high safety, low toxicity, low-flammability, ready availability, ambient temperature operability and low fuel crossover flux through Nafion membranes. 5–9…”

“…6,20,22,23 Many other studies have been performed in order to use binary catalysts, such as PtM (M = Au, 24,25 Bi, 14 Co, 26 Cu, 27 Ni, 28 Rh, 29 Sn, 30 Fe, 31 Zr, 32 Nb, 33 etc. ) and ternary catalysts such as PtM1M2 (M1M2 = RuAu, 34 PdCu, 35 CuFe, 36 SnBi, 6 AuCu 37 and BiPd 7 ). Furthermore, when modifying Pt surfaces with transition metal oxide nanostructures (MO x ), such as NiO x , 38,39 CoO x , 40 TiO x , 41 MnO x , 42,43 Cu 2 O, 44 FeO x , 45,46 etc.…”

Pt Deposits on Bi-Modified Pt Electrodes of Nanoparticle and Disk: A Contrasting Behavior of Formic Acid Oxidation

“…FAO is known to proceed in dual path mechanism [12][13][14][15][16]: dehydrogenation path (HCOOH → CO 2 + 2H + + 2e), and dehydration path (HCOOH → H 2 O + poisonous CO; poisonous CO + H 2 O → CO 2 + 2H + + 2e at a high potential). The main research direction for FAO catalysts is to suppress the dehydration path and to enhance the dehydrogenation path by modification of the physicochemical properties of Pt by alloying with other secondary metals like Au, Bi and Sb [17][18][19][20][21][22][23] or by attaching the secondary metals on Pt surfaces [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”