Irreversible effects of moisture on the epoxy matrix in glass‐reinforced composites

Antoon, M. K.; Koenig, Jack L.

doi:10.1002/pol.1981.180190202

Cited by 98 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The phenomenological overview of the problem presented by Lubineau et al [3], highlighted the various couplings involved in the aging process. Water uptake leads to degradation of mechanical properties [4,5] as well as swelling [6][7][8] and can additionally lead to chemical degradation [9] or microstructural changes [10]. Then, multiple aging mechanisms can combine to result in damage of the matrix and the interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Monitoring and simulations of hydrolysis in epoxy matrix composites during hygrothermal aging

Yagoubi

Lubineau

Traidia

et al. 2015

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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In this paper, we studied the water transport in thermoset matrices. We used Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) during sorption/desorption experiments to investigate the interaction between sorbed water and the epoxy network. Our results demonstrated that the polymer matrix undergoes hydrolysis. We found that the chemical species involved in the reaction process was the residual anhydride groups. These results support the physical basis of the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion/reaction model. We finally showed that this model is able to reproduce multi-cycle sorption/desorption experiment, as well as water uptake in hybrid metal/epoxy samples. We simulated the 3D distributions of the diffusing water and the reacted water.International audienceIn this paper, we studied the water transport in thermoset matrices. We used Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) during sorption/desorption experiments to investigate the interaction between sorbed water and the epoxy network. Our results demonstrated that the polymer matrix undergoes hydrolysis. We found that the chemical species involved in the reaction process was the residual anhydride groups. These results support the physical basis of the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion/reaction model. We finally showed that this model is able to reproduce multi-cycle sorption/desorption experiment, as well as water uptake in hybrid metal/epoxy samples. We simulated the 3D distributions of the diffusing water and the reacted water

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Monitoring and simulations of hydrolysis in epoxy matrix composites during hygrothermal aging

Yagoubi

Lubineau

Traidia

et al. 2015

Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing

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“…Long term moisture exposure, especially at elevated temperatures and extreme high or low pH, has been shown to cause both reversible and irreversible degradation effects [22].…”

Section: Degradation and Damage From Moisturementioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated Tests of Environmental Degradation in Composite Materials

Reynolds

McManus

2001

Composite Structures: Theory and Practice

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High temperature polymer matrix composites are key candidates for the structural components of proposed supersonic transport aircraft. The operational environment of these vehicles exposes the airframe to harsh conditions, including temperature extremes and moisture. These environments have been seen to cause visible damage in polymer matrix composites in timescales much less than the lifetime of the vehicle. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement for accelerated testing of the key components of the environment. A first step to this goal is to identify the components of the environment responsible for the damage. The effects of a realistic moisture and thermal environment on two high temperature polymer matrix composites (PETI-5 and PIXA-M) have been investigated in this work. An extensive test program was developed to test the response of the materials to this baseline environment and its individual components: time at moisture, moisture cycling, time at temperature and thermal cycling. Mechanism-based models were used to design accelerated moisture cycles and acceler ed thermal cycles in an attempt to speed up the response to these environmental factors. These accelerated cycles were also used in the test program. The results showed visible damage in the form of cracking in both r.terials.The PIXA-M material was found to show more damage than the PETI-5. Cracking was confined to a thin layer of material next to the exposed edge. This suggests that the environmental exposure is reducing the effective fracture toughness of the material in this layer more than in the interior. Analysis suggests that this layer is exposed to more of the environmental components and fluctuations than the material in the interior. The individual components of time at moisture and thermal cycling were seen to cause cracking, while time at temperature did not, and moisture cycling did not appear to accelerate moisture damage. The combined environments in the baseline cycle caused more damage than any one component of the cycle on its own. Evidence points to the combined effects of time at moisture and thermal cycling as being the dominant parameters causing damage, while moisture cycling controls the extent of the damaged region. Although the designed accelerated cycles were not successful in accelerating the damage from the baseline cycle, they were instrumental in establishing what were the dominant parameters. It is suggested that a promising way of accelerating the damage observed under the realistic conditions is by combining an isomoisture environment with a cyclical stress environment, which can be achieved either thermally or mechanically.Thesis Supervisor:

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“…been reported elsewhere [8,13] Employing room temperature (TR = 30C = 303 0 K) creep and recovery data we obtained, in view of (17) and ( …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, we have looked at uniaxial, rail-shear, and A-H-V (Arcan) tests [13,14]. Each one indicates some promise for a particular stress state, but the A-H-V specimen, if it can be…”

Section: -37 4"mentioning

confidence: 99%