Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

Nada, Ahmed A.; Andicsová, Anita Eckstein; Mosnáček, Jaroslav

doi:10.3390/ijms23020842

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…The self-healing properties of conductive hydrogels mainly depend on reversible covalent bonds (acylhydrazone bonds, disulfide bonds, Diels–Alder reactions and urea bonds), or reversible non-covalent bonds (hydrogen-bonding, hydrophobic interactions, guest–host interactions, metal–ligand, and polymer–ions). 88 Zhang et al 89 synthesized a poly(dopamine methacrylate- co -methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride- co -acrylic) (PDDA) hydrogel. Depending on the internal hydrogen bonds, electrostatic action and other reversible non-covalent bond effects, good self-healing performance was achieved, so it can be restored to its original shape in two minutes without the need for external stimulation.…”

Section: Classification and Properties Of The Conductive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the development of conductive hydrogels and the application in 3D printed wearable sensors

Lin,

Yang,

2023

RSC Appl. Polym.

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Section: Classification and Properties Of The Conductive Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in the development of conductive hydrogels and the application in 3D printed wearable sensors

Lin,

Yang,

2023

RSC Appl. Polym.

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“…However, due mainly to considerations on the finite availability of fossil fuels and to environmental concerns as well, bio-based sources for monomers and polymers made therefrom have gained increasing interest in both academia and industry worldwide in recent years (see e.g., Refs. [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ] and references therein). Among the natural sources of monomers, a variety of terpenes and their derivatives as renewable feedstock have recently been intensively investigated to produce various classes of polymers, such as polymyrcene, polylimonene, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Cationic Polymerization of β-Pinene, a Bio-Based, Renewable Olefin, with TiCl4 Catalyst from Cryogenic to Energy-Saving Room Temperature Conditions

Verebélyi

Szabó

Réti

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Polymers based on renewable monomers are projected to have a significant role in the sustainable economy, even in the near future. Undoubtedly, the cationically polymerizable β-pinene, available in considerable quantities, is one of the most promising bio-based monomers for such purposes. In the course of our systematic investigations related to the catalytic activity of TiCl4 on the cationic polymerization of this natural olefin, it was found that the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4/N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) initiating system induced efficient polymerization in dichloromethane (DCM)/hexane (Hx) mixture at both −78 °C and room temperature. At −78 °C, 100% monomer conversion was observed within 40 min, resulting in poly(β-pinene) with relatively high Mn (5500 g/mol). The molecular weight distributions (MWD) were uniformly shifted towards higher molecular weights (MW) in these polymerizations as long as monomer was present in the reaction mixture. However, chain–chain coupling took place after reaching 100% conversion, i.e., under monomer-starved conditions, resulting in considerable molecular weight increase and MWD broadening at −78 °C. At room temperature, the polymerization rate was lower, but chain coupling did not occur. The addition of a second feed of monomer in the polymerization system led to increasing conversion and polymers with higher MWs at both temperatures. 1H NMR spectra of the formed polymers indicated high in-chain double-bond contents. To overcome the polarity decrease by raising the temperature, polymerizations were also carried out in pure DCM at room temperature and at −20 °C. In both cases, rapid polymerization occurred with nearly quantitative yields, leading to poly(β-pinene)s with Mns in the range of 2000 g/mol. Strikingly, polymerization by TiCl4 alone, i.e., without any additive, also occurred with near complete conversion at room temperature within a few minutes, attributed to initiation by adventitious protic impurities. These results convincingly prove that highly efficient carbocationic polymerization of the renewable β-pinene can be accomplished with TiCl4 as catalyst under both cryogenic conditions, applied widely for carbocationic polymerizations, and the environmentally benign, energy-saving room temperature, i.e., without any additive and cooling or heating. These findings enable TiCl4-catalyzed eco-friendly manufacturing of poly(β-pinene)s, which can be utilized in various applications, and in addition, subsequent derivatizations could result in a range of high-added-value products.

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“…These materials can be resistant to aggressive chemicals or temperatures up to 250 • C [6]. Moreover, additives incorporated into polymers could lead to electrical and thermal conductivity [7,8]. The mechanical properties of polymers depend on additives and chemical composition and can vary from elastic and stiff to brittle or hard [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PVC Plastics in the Formation of Microstructures with Novel Magnetostrictor

et al. 2023

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Molding in thermoplastic polymers using ultrasonic hot embossing technology is promising due to its high precision reproducibility. To understand, analyze and apply the formation of polymer microstructures by the ultrasonic hot embossing method, it is necessary to understand dynamic loading conditions. The Standard Linear Solid model (SLS) is a method that allows analyzing the viscoelastic properties of materials by representing them as a combination of springs and dashpots. However, this model is general, and it is challenging to represent a viscoelastic material with multiple relaxations. Therefore, this article aims to use the data obtained from dynamic mechanical analysis for extrapolation in a wide range of cyclic deformations and to use the obtained data in microstructure formation simulations. The formation was replicated using a novel magnetostrictor design that sets a specific temperature and vibration frequency. The changes were analyzed on a diffractometer. After the diffraction efficiency measurement, it was found that the highest quality structures were formed at a temperature of 68 °C, a frequency of 10 kHz, a frequency amplitude of 1.5 µm and a force of 1 kN force. Moreover, the structures could be molded on any thickness of plastic.

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Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

Cited by 11 publications

References 154 publications

Recent progress in the development of conductive hydrogels and the application in 3D printed wearable sensors

Recent progress in the development of conductive hydrogels and the application in 3D printed wearable sensors

Highly Efficient Cationic Polymerization of β-Pinene, a Bio-Based, Renewable Olefin, with TiCl4 Catalyst from Cryogenic to Energy-Saving Room Temperature Conditions

Dynamic Mechanical Properties of PVC Plastics in the Formation of Microstructures with Novel Magnetostrictor

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