Irregular Menstruation, Acne, Hirsutism, and the Possibility with PCOS

Abstract

Background: PCOS was a common hormonal disorder caused by hyperandrogenism so the ovaries enlarged with many small follicles appear like cysts. The aetiology still unknown, but mounting evidence suggests that can be complex multigenic disorder with strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Therapeutic options include combined oral contraception, antiandrogens, etc. Case Presentation: Ms. N, 17 years old, came to polyclinic of RSAL Mintohardjo evaluated for amenorrhea. Her parents didn’t have comorbid conditions. The patient started Menarche at the age of 14, soon thereafter developed a secondary amenorrhea. On examination her BMI was 18.4kg/m², pulse-92/min and BP-115/80 mm of hg. She had a hirsute score (Ferriman-Gallway) of 8 and had no acanthosis nigricans. No abnormality on the other systemic examination and no laboratory tests were carried out. Patient given with combination hormonal pills. Hormonal birth control can help with PCOS symptoms, but it is not the only option. Lifestyle changes, such as losing weight and exercising more, may help. Discussion: PCOS involves primary defects in hypothalamic–pituitary axis, insulin, and ovarian function. Excess LH levels lead to hyperandrogenism in PCOS. Conclusion: All women with abnormal menstrual patterns should be evaluated for underlying PCOS, signs of hyperandrogenism, hormone profile, and pelvic ultrasonography to visualize the ovaries. Early diagnosis and treatment can avoid potential complications. Birth control pills (combined hormonal) can used for long-term treatment in women who didn’t want to pregnant. The birth control pills may help regulate menstrual bleeding, reduce excessive hair growth and acne, and decrease the risk of endometrial cancer.