Irregular flowering patterns in terrestrial orchids: theories vs. empirical data

Kindlmann, Pavel; Balounová, Zuzana

doi:10.5194/we-2-75-2001

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Variation in the probability of a given flower setting fruit is influenced by a number of factors. Phenology, inflorescence, habitat, plant density, population size, and temporal variation (Kindlmann & Balounová, 2001) may affect reproductive success as well as the composition of the surrounding plant community.…”

Section: Ecological Effects On Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification

Tremblay¹,

Ackerman²,

Zimmerman³

et al. 2004

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

611

803

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The great taxonomic diversity of the Orchidaceae is often attributed to adaptive radiation for specific pollinators driven by selection for outcrossing. However, when one looks beyond the product to the process, the evidence for selection is less than overwhelming. We explore this problem by discussing relevant aspects of orchid biology and asking which aspects of reproduction explain the intricate pollination mechanisms and diversification of this family. We reaffirm that orchids are primarily pollination limited, the severity of which is affected by resource constraints. Fruit set is higher in temperate than in tropical species, and in species which offer pollinator rewards than those that do not. Reproductive success is skewed towards few individuals in a population and effective population sizes are often small. Population structure, reproductive success and gene flow among populations suggest that in many situations genetic drift may be as important as selection in fostering genetic and morphological variation in this family. Although there is some evidence for a gradualist model of evolutionary change, we believe that the great diversity in this family is largely a consequence of sequential and rapid interplay between drift and natural selection.

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Section: Ecological Effects On Reproductive Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification

Tremblay¹,

Ackerman²,

Zimmerman³

et al. 2004

Biological Journal of the Linnean Society

611

803

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The variation in the probability of a given flower setting fruit is influenced by several factors. Phenology, inflorescence type, habitat, plant density, population size and weather variation (Kindlmann & Balounová 2001) may affect both the reproductive success and the composition of the surrounding plant community (Tremblay et al. 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae): a Cyrtopodiinae pollinated by deceit

Pansarin

Sazima

2008

Plant Biology

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The genus Cyrtopodium comprises about 42 species distributed from southern Florida to northern Argentina. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum occurs on rocks or in sandy soils, in restinga vegetation along the Brazilian coast. It flowers during the wet season and its inflorescences produce a high number of resupinate yellow flowers. Cyrtopodium polyphyllum offers no rewards to its pollinators, but mimics the yellow, reward-producing flowers of nearby growing Stigmaphyllon arenicola (oil) and Crotalaria vitellina (nectar) individuals. Several species of bee visit flowers of C. polyphyllum, but only two species of Centris (Centris tarsata and Centris labrosa) act as pollinators. Visits to flowers of C. polyphyllum were scarce and, as a consequence, low-fruit set was recorded under natural conditions. Such low-fruit production contrasts with the number of fruits each plant bears after manual pollination, suggesting deficient pollen transfer among plants. C. polyphyllum is self-compatible and has a high-fruit set in both manual self- and cross-pollinated flowers. Furthermore, fruits (2%) are formed by self-pollination assisted by rain. This facultative self-pollination mechanism is an important strategy to provide reproductive assurance to C. polyphyllum as rainfall restricts the foraging activity of its pollinating bees. Fruits derived from treatments and under natural conditions had a similar high rate of potentially viable seed. Moreover, these seeds had a low polyembryony rate, which did not exceed 5%. C. polyphyllum acts by deceit involving optical signals and exploits other yellow-flowered species within its habitat by attracting their pollinators. The low capsule production under natural conditions was expected, but its reproductive success is assured through self-pollination by rain and high seed viability.

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“…We assessed population size during one year only; in long‐lived species, the number of plants varies from year to year, and a single‐year estimation of population size does not reflect the long‐term average for effective population size. This is especially true for orchids, in which flowering varies greatly between years (Kindlmann & Balounová, 2001; Brzosko, 2002). Moreover, the range of sizes of the studied populations is probably too narrow to assess the relations between their size and genetic variation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How genetically variable are Neottia ovata (Orchidaceae) populations in northeast Poland?

Brzosko

Wróblewska

2012

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society

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Using 32 allozyme loci, we examined the genetic diversity of ten populations of Neottia ovata differing in size and located in different regions of northeast Poland. Within‐population genetic variation was low (Ppl = 9.4–31.2%, A = 1.09–1.34 and HE = 0.044–0.128) relative to taxa with similar life histories. In the majority of N. ovata populations (excluding those in Biebrza), we noted high genotypic diversity (0.49−1.00) and high proportions of unique genotypes (86–100%). Neottia ovata shows a strong pattern of genetic differentiation among populations in northeast Poland, reflected in the high overall FST value (0.409). There was a weak, but significant, relationship between genetic and geographical distance (r = 0.09, P < 0.05). We discuss the breeding system, small population sizes and population subdivision as the most important factors affecting the genetic diversity of this species. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 170, 40–49

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Irregular flowering patterns in terrestrial orchids: theories vs. empirical data

Cited by 16 publications

References 25 publications

Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification

Variation in sexual reproduction in orchids and its evolutionary consequences: a spasmodic journey to diversification

Reproductive biology of Cyrtopodium polyphyllum (Orchidaceae): a Cyrtopodiinae pollinated by deceit

How genetically variable are Neottia ovata (Orchidaceae) populations in northeast Poland?

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