Irregular Fenestrae in Bahamian Eolianites: A Rainstorm-Induced Origin

A microfacies analysis of arid continental carbonates from the Cedar Mesa Sandstone Formation, Utah, USA

“…Laminations and laminoid fenestrae indicate shallow-water to sub-aerial exposure, and they are often used as indicators of sea level. However, Bain and Kindler (1994) demonstrated that fenestrae should only be associated with sea level where other features associated with intertidalor peritidal characteristics exist. Here, no further evidence for tidal influence is found.…”

“…Sediments within cavities indicate that the cavities were part of a network through which currents were flowing at the time of primary deposition. Birdseye cavities also generally occur in shallow (intertidal) marine, lacustrine and even in eolianite environments where rainwater induces cavities (Bain and Kindler, 1994). These are related to the primary construction of the voids, as the chain-like cavities often display the same sheath like envelope.…”

“…Here, no further evidence for tidal influence is found. Birdseye cavities also generally occur in shallow (intertidal) marine, lacustrine and even in eolianite environments where rainwater induces cavities (Bain and Kindler, 1994). Shinn (1968) reported that birdseye cavities never form in the subtidal zone.…”

Evidence of MIS 5 sea-level highstands in Gebel Mousa coast (Strait of Gibraltar, North of Africa)

“…Fossil remains become scarcer, increasing the proportions of sandy and clay matrices and showing a characteristic reddish color. Rizoliths and bands of fenestral porosity (keystone vugs sensu Bain and Kindler, 1994) are frequent.…”

A Westward Shift in Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity and Genesis Regions in the North Atlantic During the Last Interglacial

“…For example, megaboulders are argued to be residual karst towers (Mylroie, 2008(Mylroie, , 2018 or transported by waves generated by storms of historical magnitude (Rovere et al, 2017) or a tsunami (Scheffer and Kelletat, 2020). Chevron ridges are suggested to be eolian deposits (Mylroie, 2018;Vimpere et al, 2019), and fenestrae in runup deposits are rainfall slurries (Bain and Kindler, 1994;Mylroie, 2018). Thus, from a perspective of geological evidence, it remains elusive whether the North Atlantic experienced stronger storms during the LIG relative to present-day.…”