Iron supplementation in Thai fish-sauce

Garby, Lars; Areekul, S; Chantachum, Y; Deesin, Tongchai; Garby, Jens; Kongrod, Suthop; Matrakul, Duangmarn; Punnavutti, Vichit; Surathint, Kamhang; Thirachantra, S

doi:10.1080/00034983.1974.11686972

Cited by 82 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This fortificant was provided to a Thai village for one year [33]. Packed cell volume (PCV) values showed a significant increase as compared with a control village supplied with unfortified fish sauce.…”

Section: Nafeedta-fortified Fish Sauce (10-15 Mg Fe/day) In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Potential Role of NaFeEDTA as an Iron Fortificant

Bothwell

Macphail

2004

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a hexadentate chelator, which can combine with virtually every metal in the periodic table. CaNa2EDTA and Na2EDTA (ADI 2.5 mg EDTA/kg body weight/day) are widely used as sequestering agents in canned products, while NaFeEDTA is a promising iron fortificant. Binding of EDTA with iron is favored in the acid milieu of the stomach, irrespective of whether the EDTA is administered as CaNa2EDTA, Na2EDTA, or NaFeEDTA, but in the more alkaline medium of the duodenum the iron is exchanged, in part, with other metals. The iron released from EDTA is absorbed by the normal physiological mechanisms. When NaFeEDTA is present in a meal, the iron moiety exchanges with the intrinsic food iron and the EDTA partially protects the iron in this common non-heme iron pool from the effects of inhibitors of iron absorption, such as phytates and polyphenols. When iron is added as NaFeEDTA to an inhibitory meal, it is two to three times better absorbed than is iron added as ferrous sulfate. It also has a similar effect on the intrinsic food iron in the meal. Fortification with NaFeEDTA is most efficacious when administered with cereal- and legume-based diets but offers no advantages over other fortificants when added to meals of high bioavailability. Its potential as a fortificant has been confirmed in five extended fortification trials carried out in developing countries. There is no evidence that NaFeEDTA in the dose range proposed for food fortificants (5 to 10 mg iron daily) will have any direct toxic effects. Na2EDTA and CaNa2EDTA have proved safe over a number of years, while the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives concluded in 1999 that NaFeEDTA "could be considered safe when used in supervised fortification programs". Animal and human studies, including the results of two fortification trials, suggest that NaFeEDTA has little or no effect on overall zinc metabolism. Indeed, if anything, it increases zinc and possibly copper absorption. Data on potentially toxic metals, such as lead mercury, aluminum, and manganese, are limited but the evidence that is available is uniformly negative thus far. Further studies in this field are desirable. The long-term potential of NaFeEDTA fortification to cause iron overload is conjectural but the available evidence suggests that homeostatic controls would prevent excess iron accumulation in the normal population. NaFeEDTA, which is pale yellow in color, causes fewer organoleptic changes in a number of stored vehicles, including cereals, than do other soluble iron salts. Other potential vehicles include condiments, several of which have been successfully used in fortification trials. What is currently lacking is a consolidated body of published evidence on the stability of NaFeEDTA during processing, storage, and household cooking in widely consumed food vehicles, coupled with standardized testing of consumer acceptance of each fortified vehicle. While NaFeEDTA seems to be an appropriate fortificant for developing countries, its cost is about...

show abstract

Section: Nafeedta-fortified Fish Sauce (10-15 Mg Fe/day) In Thailandmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Potential Role of NaFeEDTA as an Iron Fortificant

Bothwell

Macphail

2004

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Na Guatemala, em oito meses, em três comunidades que consumiram açúcar enriquecido com 13 mg de ferro/100 g, houve aumento estatisticamente significativo nos estoques de ferro, em comparação a comunidades controle (Viteri et al, 1995). Na Tailândia, a fortificação do molho de peixe e, na África do Sul, a fortificação do curry, visando a atingir descendentes asiáticos, apresentaram resultados positivos sobre a hemoglobina (Garby & Areekul, 1974).…”

Section: Fortificação De Alimentosunclassified

Epidemiologia nutricional

Kac¹,

Sichieri²,

Gigante³

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In fact, there are 3 clinical trials in Guatemala [2,3], Thailand [4] and South Africa [5,6] that have demonstrated that NaFe-EDTA successfully reduces iron deficiency anemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%