Iron status of young Vietnamese children in Australia

Nguyen, ND; Allen, JR; Peat, J. K.; Beal, Patricia; Webster, Bruce; Gaskin, K. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2004.00423.x

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Greater weight gain since birth was associated with a significantly lower ferritin concentration at 6 mo, which is consistent with the results of other studies (33,34). However, hemoglobin concentration was not related to weight gain in our analyses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies

Yang

Lönnerdal

Adu‐Afarwuah

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies

Yang

Lönnerdal

Adu‐Afarwuah

et al. 2009

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…ID and IDA are common in refugee children with a prevalence of IDA similar to other non-Caucasian ethnic groups [19], [20] and higher than that in Caucasian Australian children [21]. Nutritional deficiencies are highly prevalent in paediatric refugees resettled in Australia [4], partly due to lack of dietary iron, prolonged breastfeeding and/or delayed introduction of appropriate solid foods and excessive intake of cow's milk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Insight into the Relationships between Hepcidin, Anemia, Infections and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pediatric Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2008

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BackgroundHepcidin, a key regulator of iron homeostasis, is increased in response to inflammation and some infections, but the in vivo role of hepcidin, particularly in children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is unclear. We investigated the relationships between hepcidin, cytokines and iron status in a pediatric population with a high prevalence of both anemia and co-morbid infections.Methodology/Principal FindingsAfrican refugee children <16 years were consecutively recruited at the initial post-resettlement health check with 181 children meeting inclusion criteria. Data on hematological parameters, cytokine levels and co-morbid infections (Helicobacter pylori, helminth and malaria) were obtained and urinary hepcidin assays performed. The primary outcome measure was urinary hepcidin levels in children with and without iron deficiency (ID) and/or ID anaemia (IDA). The secondary outcome measures included were the relationship between co-morbid infections and (i) ID and IDA, (ii) urinary hepcidin levels and (iii) cytokine levels. IDA was present in 25/181 (13.8%). Children with IDA had significantly lower hepcidin levels (IDA median hepcidin 0.14 nmol/mmol Cr (interquartile range 0.05–0.061) versus non-IDA 2.96 nmol/mmol Cr, (IQR 0.95–6.72), p<0.001). Hemoglobin, log-ferritin, iron, mean cell volume (MCV) and transferrin saturation were positively associated with log-hepcidin levels (log-ferritin beta coefficient (β): 1.30, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.57) and transferrin was inversely associated (β: −0.12, 95% CI −0.15 to −0.08). Cytokine levels (including IL-6) and co-morbid infections were not associated with IDA or hepcidin levels.Conclusions/SignificanceThis is the largest pediatric study of the in vivo associations between hepcidin, iron status and cytokines. Gastro-intestinal infections (H. pylori and helminths) did not elevate urinary hepcidin or IL-6 levels in refugee children, nor were they associated with IDA. Longitudinal and mechanistic studies of IDA will further elucidate the role of hepcidin in paediatric iron regulation.

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“…Although the definition of anemia (i.e. the hemoglobin cutoff) has been debated for this age group, it remains a fact that ID is a problem known to occur in infants of all races and ethnic groups [14,15,16,17]. This is the time when breast-feeding and iron-fortified infant formulas and cereals are replaced by whole cow’s milk and table foods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Dietary Habits and Socioeconomic Status on the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Children of Northern Greece

Gompakis

Economou²,

Tsantali³

et al. 2007

Acta Haematol

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Backround: Despite encouraging reports concerning the declining prevalence of iron deficiency, this easily preventable disorder is still an existing problem in presumably developed regions. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of iron deficiency and relevant anemia in children residing in Northern Greece and to study possible associations. Design: 3,100 children aged 8 months to 15 years were evaluated. Socioeconomic status was determined based on the parents’ profession and place of residence. Nutrition habits were also evaluated. Results: The incidence of iron deficiency was found to be 14% and that of iron deficiency anemia was 2.9%, with a higher prevalence in children younger than 2 years of age. The place of residence was the most significant factor in relation to the development of iron depletion in the children studied. Additional independent factors were revealed to be breast-feeding, meat-containing meal consumption and the consumption of non-home-cooked meals. Conclusion: Iron deficiency remains prevalent in Northern Greece, mainly affecting the vulnerable toddler group. Nutritional iron deficiency is still a severe public health problem even in what are considered to be developed regions. An improvement of dietary habits and an upgrading of semiurban areas should contribute substantially to decreasing the prevalence of iron depletion in Greek children.

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Iron status of young Vietnamese children in Australia

Abstract: Prevalence of iron deficiency at 18 months was high despite appropriate infant feeding practices during the first year. Modification of the diet in the second year of life may decrease the risk of iron deficiency in Vietnamese children.

Cited by 15 publications

References 33 publications

Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies

Prevalence and predictors of iron deficiency in fully breastfed infants at 6 mo of age: comparison of data from 6 studies

An Insight into the Relationships between Hepcidin, Anemia, Infections and Inflammatory Cytokines in Pediatric Refugees: A Cross-Sectional Study

The Effect of Dietary Habits and Socioeconomic Status on the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency in Children of Northern Greece

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