Iron solubility in fine particles associated with secondary acidic aerosols in east China

Abstract

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Trans‐Regional Transport of Haze Particles From the North China Plain to Yangtze River Delta During Winter

“…PM 2.5 samples were analyzed to obtain water‐soluble ions (i.e., , , , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , K + , Na + , Cl − , and F − ) by an ion chromatography system (Dionex ICs‐90, USA), organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) by an OC‐EC analyzer (Sunset Laboratory Inc., USA), and trace metals (i.e., V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Mo, Tc, Rh, Cd, Ag, In, Sn, Sb, Ba, Tb, Lu, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS, Agilent 7500ce). The detailed experimental processes were provided in the previous studies (Y. Pan et al., 2013; Zhang, Liu, Wang, et al., 2017; Zhu et al., 2020). Concentrations of organic matter (OM) were obtained by multiplying OC by a factor of 1.91, as reported by Xing et al.…”

“…The detailed experimental processes were provided in the previous studies (Y. Pan et al, 2013;Zhang, Liu, Wang, et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2020). Concentrations of organic matter (OM) were obtained by multiplying OC by a factor of 1.91, as reported by Xing et al (2013).…”

Abundance and Fractional Solubility of Aerosol Iron During Winter at a Coastal City in Northern China: Similarities and Contrasts Between Fine and Coarse Particles

“…The importance of RH in aerosol Fe solubility was also suggested by a few previous studies. For example, Zhu et al (2020) collected aerosol particles during winter at four cities in eastern China, and found that Fe solubility was low (0.7%-3.8%) at <50% RH even though some samples had high values of (2 × [SO 4 (Zhu et al, 2020) and significantly higher (1.3%-11.4%) at >50% RH. In another study, Shi et al (2020) found that for similar (2 × [SO 4…”

“…To further understand abundance and fractional solubility of aerosol Fe in this region, a field campaign was conducted in November-December 2019 at a suburban site in Qingdao, a coastal city in northern China. Compared to previous studies carried out over and around Northwest Pacific (Chuang et al, 2005;Fu, Shang, et al, 2014;Hsu et al, 2005Hsu et al, , 2010Liu et al, 2021;Ooki et al, 2009;Shi et al, 2020;Takahashi et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Zhu et al, 2020), our work aimed to provide further insights in the following three aspects: (a) fine (<1 μm) and coarse (>1 μm) particles were simultaneously collected. Fine and coarse particles exhibit large difference in sources and compositions (Seinfeld & Pandis, 2016), and therefore Fe solubility and its controlling factors may differ significantly between coarse and fine particles; (b) a number of elements and soluble ions, in addition to total and soluble Fe, were also measured, providing constrains to understand factors which determined aerosol Fe solubility; (c) three representative weather conditions, including clean, haze and dust days, were encountered during the campaign, giving the opportunities to explore and understand aerosol Fe solubility under distinctively different conditions.…”

Large Daytime Molecular Chlorine Missing Source at a Suburban Site in East China

“…Both the soluble Fe concentration and soluble Fe fraction showed a positive correlation with PM 2.5 concentration in East China in a previous study (Zhu et al, 2020). The soluble fraction of Fe in aerosols (PM 2.5 ) was observed to be 3%-5% in four urban sites in East China in December 2017 (Zhu et al, 2020). The fraction of Fe 3+ in soluble Fe (Fe 3+ / (Fe 3+ + Fe 2+ )) for aerosols collected in the continental outflow of East China was observed to be about 67% (Moffet et al, 2012).…”