Iron Overload and Lipid Peroxidation in Biological Systems

González, Paula Mariela; Piloni, Natacha Estefanía; Puntarulo, Susana

doi:10.5772/46181

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(74 reference statements)

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“…Iron is stored inside the cell, where it can cause the most damage. 35,36 Inside the cell, iron concentrations are detected by iron-regulatory proteins 1 and 2(IRP1 and IRP2). On the mRNAs, iron-regulating proteins bind to iron regulatory element (IRE) sequences when iron is low in the cytoplasm.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Iron Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron; Benefits or threatens (with emphasis on mechanism and treatment of its poisoning)

Rahimzadeh

Kazemi

et al. 2023

Hum Exp Toxicol

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Iron is a necessary biological element and one of the richest in the human body, but it can cause changes in cell function and activity control. Iron is involved in a wide range of oxidation - reduction activities. Whenever iron exceeds the cellular metabolic needs, its excess causes changes in the products of cellular respiration, such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl. The formation of these compounds causes cellular toxicity. Lack of control over reactive oxygen species causes damages to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Conversely, superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl are reactive oxygen species, using antioxidants, restoring DNA function, and controlling iron stores lead to natural conditions. Iron poisoning causes clinical manifestations in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, heart, kidneys, and hematopoietic system. When serum iron is elevated, serum iron concentrations, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin will also increase. Supportive care is provided by whole bowel irrigation (WBI), esophagogastroduodenoscopy is required to evaluate mucosal injury and remove undissolved iron tablets. The use of chelator agents such as deferoxamine mesylate, deferasirox, deferiprone, deferitrin are very effective in removing excess iron. Of course, the combined treatment of these chelators plays an important role in increasing iron excretion, and reducing side effects.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Iron Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron; Benefits or threatens (with emphasis on mechanism and treatment of its poisoning)

Rahimzadeh

Kazemi

et al. 2023

Hum Exp Toxicol

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“…Once transferred in the liquid bulk, even lipids, especially unsaturated lipids, might be attacked by hydroxyl radical generating degradation products such as lipid peroxide (González et al, 2012), leading to positive effect for upgrading fatty acid methyl ester composition in biodiesel.…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

A Review: Microalgae and Their Applications in CO2 Capture and Renewable Energy

Klinthong

Yang

Huang

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

210

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Fossil fuels, which are recognized as unsustainable sources of energy, are continuously consumed and decreased with increasing fuel demands. Microalgae have great potential as renewable fuel sources because they possess rapid growth rate and the ability to store high-quality lipids and carbohydrates inside their cells for biofuel production. Microalgae can be cultivated on opened or closed systems and require nutrients and CO 2 that may be supplied from wastewater and fossil fuel combustion. In addition, CO 2 capture via photosynthesis to directly fix carbon into microalgae has also attracted the attention of researchers. The conversion of CO 2 into chemical and fuel (energy) products without pollution via this approach is a promising way to not only reduce CO 2 emissions but also generate more economic value. The harvested microalgal biomass can be converted into biofuel products, such as biohydrogen, biodiesel, biomethanol, bioethanol, biobutanol and biohydrocarbons. Thus, microalgal cultivation can contribute to CO 2 fixation and can be a source of biofuels. This article reviews the literature on microalgae that were cultivated using captured CO 2 , technologies related to the production of biofuels from microalgae and the possible commercialization of microalgae-based biofuels to demonstrate the potential of microalgae. In this respect, a number of relevant topics are addressed: the nature of microalgae (e.g., species and composition); CO 2 capture via microalgae; the techniques for microalgal cultivation, harvesting and pretreatment; and the techniques for lipid extraction and biofuel production. The strategies for biofuel commercialization are proposed as well.

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