Iron Ore Agglomeration Technologies

González, Daniel Fernández; Piñuela-Noval, Juan; González, Luis Felipe Verdeja

doi:10.5772/intechopen.72546

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The objective is to agglomerate an iron ore mixture like that treated in the sintering machine. The sintering process is defined as a thermal agglomeration process (1300-1400 • C [17], but it does not involve the complete melting of the charge) that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled products, slag-forming elements, and coke, with the purpose of obtaining a product with suitable composition, quality, and granulometry to be loaded into the blast furnace [2,[18][19][20][21][22]. The iron ore sintering process was deeply reviewed by the authors of [2,[18][19][20][21][22], so if further information about the sintering process is required, we suggest reading their work.…”

Section: Solar Agglomeration Of Iron Orementioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy

González

Prażuch

Ruiz-Bustinza

et al. 2018

Metals

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Environmental protection is deeply rooted in current societies. In this context, searching for new environmentally friendly energy sources is one of the objectives of industrial policies in general, and of the metallurgical industries in particular. One of these energy sources is solar energy, which offers a great potential in high temperature applications, such as those required in metallurgy processes, when properly concentrated. In this paper, we propose the utilization of concentrated solar energy in ironmaking. We have studied the utilization of concentrated solar thermal in the agglomeration of iron ore mixtures and in the obtaining of iron via reduction with carbon (and coke breeze). The results from the experiments show the typical phases of the iron ore sinters and the presence of iron through smelting reduction.

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Section: Solar Agglomeration Of Iron Orementioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy

González

Prażuch

Ruiz-Bustinza

et al. 2018

Metals

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“…The hybrid pelletized sintering (HPS) process comes into the frontline to overcome these problems and maximize the utilization of iron ore fines. To utilize the iron ore fines in plants, Nippon Kokan Keihin company (presently, JFE Steel Corporation) developed the HPS process . Investigators have tried to improve the utilization of iron ore fines in sinter beds by making HPS. , The HPS process is a modified form of the conventional sintering process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Sinter Properties Using a Hyper-Parameter-Tuned Artificial Neural Network

et al. 2023

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The present work aims at performing prediction validation for the physical properties of coke layered and nonlayered hybrid pelletized sinter (HPS) using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Physical property analyses were experimentally performed on the two HPS products. The ANN model was then trained to obtain the best prediction results with the grid-search hyper-parameter tuning method. The learning rate, momentum constant, and the number of neurons varied over specified ranges. The binary variable conversion was utilized to assess the two sintering processes. The nonlayered HPS product of 4 mm micropellets at basicity 1.75 and using 8% coke shows a good combination of physical properties, whereas HPS of 4 mm micropellets at 1.5 basicity using 4% coke as fuel and 2% coke as layering gives a radical improvement in physical properties. The yield of the HPS product is 96.07%, with the shatter index (SI), tumbler index (TI), and abrasion index (AI) values being 86.12, 79.60, and 5.74%, respectively. Hence, HPS can be preferred by implementing the layering of coke powder. The prediction analyses showed that the multilayer perceptron model (MLP) network with a 4-29-5 structure showed prediction accuracies of over 99.99% and a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.87 × 10–4. It verifies the accuracy and prediction effectiveness of the hyper-parameter-tuned ANN model.

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“…Granulation is a widespread process in industry, and almost all solid formulations are prepared with the granulation process [1][2][3][4][5] . Iron ore granulation has been introduced into the steel production process since iron ore agglomeration was proven to have better metallurgical properties and more efficient iron production than natural iron ore 6,7) . Both sintering and pelletizing contain iron ore granulation process, with the former preparing iron ore, fuel, flux, water and other miscellaneous materials together in a horizontal mixing drum to form quasi-particles 8) , and the latter aggregating iron ore concentrates with binder on a pelletizing disk to form balls 9,10) .…”

Section: : Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron Ore Granulation for Sinter Production: Developments, Progress, and Challenges

et al. 2023

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Iron ore granulation is an indispensable process in the production of sinter that can influence and regulate the yield, efficiency and quality. Although a great deal of research has been done on the granulation process over the past decades, we still need to think about the current and future development of this process, as sinter is still an essential raw material for ironmaking blast furnace today. This paper begins with a review of particle agglomeration theory development for sintering granulation, followed by a summary of existing granulation evaluation methods and indexes. The roles of iron ore, fuel, fluxes, and moisture in sintering granulation are also analyzed, and finally advanced granulation equipment and processes for industrial production, as well as their applications, are summarized. Correspondingly, the challenges in sintering granulation field are proposed to include: (1) Development of iron ore sintering industry; (2) Ore blending optimization based on synergistic coupling of granulation and sintering; (3) Optimization of granulation process and equipment; (4) Methods and tools for granulation scientific research. These issues will be tackled and overcome in the future by both steel enterprises and academic researchers, generating suggestions for future development in the field of sintering granulation.

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Iron Ore Agglomeration Technologies

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy

Iron Metallurgy via Concentrated Solar Energy

Prediction of Sinter Properties Using a Hyper-Parameter-Tuned Artificial Neural Network

Iron Ore Granulation for Sinter Production: Developments, Progress, and Challenges

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