Iron Metabolism and Immune Regulation

Ni, Shuo; Yuan, Yin; Kuang, Yanbin; Li, Xin

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.816282

Cited by 87 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Iron-mediated oxidative stress induces inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction playing a critical role in the progression of several inflammatory diseases [ 55 ]. Immune cells, such as macrophages, developed mechanisms to reduce iron availability during inflammation [ 1 ]. In healthy conditions, macrophages degrade hemoproteins and export iron, while during inflammation they retain cytoplasmic iron, reducing extracellular iron concentration.…”

Section: Iron Chelators As Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Iron is an important element involved in different physiologic and pathologic mechanisms in mammalian cells [ 1 ]. Its body content varies according to sex, health and nutrition and is about 3–5 g in adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These toxic free radicals are responsible for cellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids damage [ 3 , 4 ]. Moreover, iron homeostasis is also involved in the regulation of immune system by modulating the activities of innate and adaptive immunity cells, among them T and B cells, neutrophils, macrophages [ 1 ]. For these reasons its metabolism is finely regulated, and its alteration is responsible for the onset of several diseases [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, iron homeostasis is also involved in the regulation of immune system by modulating the activities of innate and adaptive immunity cells, among them T and B cells, neutrophils, macrophages [ 1 ]. For these reasons its metabolism is finely regulated, and its alteration is responsible for the onset of several diseases [ 1 ]. In particular, several iron-processing cells and tissues are involved in regulation of iron homeostasis and also the hepcidin/ferroportin axis plays a crucial role in this regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several biomolecules which modulate iron homeostasis, contributing to its import and export in cells, and also to its peripheral transport to target cells [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emerging Roles of the Iron Chelators in Inflammation

Paola

Tortora

Argenziano

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Iron is a crucial element for mammalian cells, considering its intervention in several physiologic processes. Its homeostasis is finely regulated, and its alteration could be responsible for the onset of several disorders. Iron is closely related to inflammation; indeed, during inflammation high levels of interleukin-6 cause an increased production of hepcidin which induces a degradation of ferroportin. Ferroportin degradation leads to decreased iron efflux that culminates in elevated intracellular iron concentration and consequently iron toxicity in cells and tissues. Therefore, iron chelation could be considered a novel and useful therapeutic strategy in order to counteract the inflammation in several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Several iron chelators are already known to have anti-inflammatory effects, among them deferiprone, deferoxamine, deferasirox, and Dp44mT are noteworthy. Recently, eltrombopag has been reported to have an important role in reducing inflammation, acting both directly by chelating iron, and indirectly by modulating iron efflux. This review offers an overview of the possible novel biological effects of the iron chelators in inflammation, suggesting them as novel anti-inflammatory molecules.

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Section: Iron Chelators As Anti-inflammatory Drugsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several biomolecules which modulate iron homeostasis, contributing to its import and export in cells, and also to its peripheral transport to target cells [ 1 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Emerging Roles of the Iron Chelators in Inflammation

Paola

Tortora

Argenziano

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Ferroptosis in Glaucoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapy

Zhu,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Advanced Biology

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Glaucoma, a blind‐leading disease largely since chronic pathological intraocular high pressure (ph‐IOP). Hitherto, it is reckoned incurable for irreversible neural damage and challenges in managing IOP. Thus, it is significant to develop neuroprotective strategies. Ferroptosis, initially identified as an iron‐dependent regulated death that triggers Fenton reactions and culminates in lipid peroxidation (LPO), has emerged as a focal point in multiple tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Researches show that iron homeostasis play critical roles in the optic nerve (ON) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), suggesting targeted treatments could be effective. In glaucoma, apart from neural lesions, disrupted metal balance and increased oxidative stress in trabecular meshwork (TM) are observed. These disturbances lead to extracellular matrix excretion disorders, known as sclerotic mechanisms, resulting in refractory blockages. Importantly, oxidative stress, a significant downstream effect of ferroptosis, is also a key factor in cell senescence. It plays a crucial role in both the etiology and risk of glaucoma. Moreover, ferroptosis also induces non‐infectious inflammation, which exacerbate glaucomatous injury. Therefore, the relevance of ferroptosis in glaucoma is extensive and multifaceted. In this review, the study delves into the current understanding of ferroptosis mechanisms in glaucoma, aiming to provide clues to inform clinical therapeutic practices.

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Engineering Energy‐Responsive Magnetic Nanomaterials to Improve the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell‐Based Immunotherapy

Liu

Yan

Wen

et al. 2022

Advanced Therapeutics

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Effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer is still a great challenge to modern medicine. The advent of immunotherapy is revolutionizing the field of cancer research while drug toxicity and low responsive rates have become the most serious concerns in current treatment regimes. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the strongest antigen-presenting immune cells and play an important role in the initiation and regulation of the immune response. They can engulf a variety of foreign substances, including cell lysates and nucleic acids, and present antigens to activate the immune system. Some nanomaterials in vitro activation systems for DCs provide new ideas for immune-related therapies for tumors. Among these, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gradually become a major focus of basic scientific research and clinical treatment due to their advantages of good biocompatibility, low toxic side effects, and high ability to respond to external stimulus. The emergence of MNPs provides a novel, safe, and effective way to enhance the anti-tumor immune response. In this review, the application of MNPs as platform materials combined with DC immunotherapy is discussed, with the intention of providing a reference for future disease immunotherapy.

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Iron Metabolism and Immune Regulation

Cited by 87 publications

References 91 publications

Emerging Roles of the Iron Chelators in Inflammation

Emerging Roles of the Iron Chelators in Inflammation

Ferroptosis in Glaucoma: A Promising Avenue for Therapy

Engineering Energy‐Responsive Magnetic Nanomaterials to Improve the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell‐Based Immunotherapy

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