Iron Deficiency Is the Strongest Predictor of Anemia in Indian Adolescents Aged 10–19 years: Evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey

Lahiri, Anwesha; Singh, Konsam Dinachandra; Ramaswamy, Gomathi; Yadav, Kapil; Sethi, Vani; Scott, Samuel; Nguyen, Phuong; Menon, Purnima

doi:10.1093/cdn/nzaa067_046

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anaemia due to inflammation has been reported to further lower the proportion of anaemia associated with Fe deficiency (20 % for pre-school children; 25 % for non-pregnant women of reproductive age) (4) . Most strategies in India focus on increasing Fe intake, despite the fact that anaemia is multifactorial in aetiology and its prevalence varies among population groups and in different areas and local conditions (6) . The National Nutritional Anemia Control Program (Anemia Mukt Bharat) provides weekly Fe and folic acid (IFA) supplementation (60 mg elemental Fe and 500 mcg of folic acid) and biannual de-worming to all in school children, through teachers and to out-of-school children, through quarterly Adolescent Health Day component of Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram programme at Anganwadi centres (7) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India

Gupta

Sachdev

Kapil

et al. 2022

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: High burden of anemia exists amongst rural adolescent girls in India. The objective of this study was to characterize anemia in school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India. Design: Linear and multiple logistic regression analysis of data collected prior to an intervention trial was conducted. Participants were classified into anemic (hemoglobin <12g/dl) and non-anemic group and were further classified into deficiencies of iron, folate or vitamin B12, mixed, anemia of other causes and inflammation. Setting: Three schools in Ballabgarh block of Faridabad District, Haryana, India. Participants: 198 non-anemic and 202 anemic adolescent girls (12-19 years). Results: Anemic girls had 29.6% iron deficiency, 28.1% folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, 15.8% mixed deficiency and 9.7% acute inflammation. Anemia of other causes was found in 16.8% of the anemic participants. Girls with iron and isolated folate deficiency had 2.5 times and 4 times higher odds of developing anemia; respectively, as compared to non-anemic girls. Iron deficiency with no anemia was found amongst 11% non-anemic girls. Non-anemic girls had a high prevalence of combined deficiency of folate or vitamin B12 (29.5%) and acute inflammation (14.4%). Conclusions: The current strategy of iron and folic acid supplementation alone will not suffice for achieving the desired reduction in the prevalence of anemia as unknown causes and anemia of inflammation contribute to a substantial proportion of anemia. Integrating other nutrition-specific components like improving water, sanitation and hygiene practices with the ongoing micronutrient supplementation program will comprehensively tackle anemia. Unknown causes of anemia warrants further research.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India

Gupta

Sachdev

Kapil

et al. 2022

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As per National guidelines, the screening of anemia is being carried out among AN and PN women by hemoglobin estimation while no screening is being carried out for iron deficiency in India. Comprehensive National Nutrition survey 2016-18 (CNNS 2016-18), had reported a higher prevalence of the NIDA (16.9%) than IDA (12%) among adolescents (age 10-19 years) by using s. ferritin as a screening tool and also stated ID as the strongest predictor of anemia among adolescents [15]. Similar to that large-scale survey of AN, as well as PN women by ferritin estimation, can be useful to know the burden of the IDA, as well as NIDA and focus, which can be prioritized for anemia control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-iron Deficiency Anemia in Rural Indian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Saha¹,

Puwar²,

Shah³

et al. 2022

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionAnemia is an important public health concern, affecting almost 25% of the global population. In India, these statistics are even more worrisome with more than half of the children, non-pregnant and pregnant women being affected by the disease. Though the major cause of anemia is iron deficiency, other causes cannot be neglected considering the magnitude of the problem. The present study was designed to estimate the prevalence of non-iron deficiency anemia (NIDA) in Devbhoomi Dwarka District of Gujarat. MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, total of 258 mothers (antenatal and postnatal) were enrolled from 27 primary health centers. Apart from demographic details and obstetric history, hemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured from the participant's blood after obtaining consent. Clinical information such as the history of recent illness and fever were also noted through questionnaires. Prevalence was anemia was calculated using a standard threshold of blood hemoglobin and NIDM was defined using ferritin levels. ResultsAs per hemoglobin levels, anemia was present in 65.9% of the mothers, which was relatively higher in antenatal women (90%) as compared to postnatal women (57%). Ferritin levels showed that out of this total anemic mothers, 61.8% (105/258) have normal ferritin levels indicating the presence of non-iron deficiency. Trimester-wise analysis of anemia in AN showed that NIDM prevalence increases with increasing trimester in contrast to IDA where a considerable reduction was found with iron supplementation. ConclusionThe study indicated that two out of every three women were anemic and only one out of four were anemic with depleted iron storage. These findings have important policy implications as in India the anemia control programs address only iron deficiency anemia and not NIDA. The development of a framework for diagnosis and appropriate treatment can be recommended for integration into national guidelines.

show abstract

“…Comprehensive National Nutrition survey 2016-18 (CNNS 2016-18), had reported higher prevalence of the NIDA (16.9%) than IDA (12%) among adolescent (age 10 – 19 years) by using s. ferritin as a screening tool and also stated ID as the strongest predictor of Anemia among adolescent. [15] Similar to that large scale survey of AN, as well as PN women by s. ferritin can be useful to know the burden of the IDA as well as NIDA and focus can be prioritize for anemia control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scoping into Non Iron Deficiency Anemia: Reflection from the Rural India

Saha

Puwar

Saxena

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Anemia is one of the leading public health problems. India accounts for the highest prevalence of anemia in the world. Anemia programs in India focus on screening and management of anemia based on hemoglobin estimation, treatment is being given irrespective of status of iron as well as other micronutrient storage. The present study assesses the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency (ID) based on low serum ferritin status among antenatal and postnatal women in Devbhoomi Dwarka District of Gujarat. Methods: A total of 258 pregnant (AN) and postnatal (PN) women drawn from 27 primary health centers were studied. Anemia was evaluated based on hemoglobin concentration obtained from venous whole blood, using auto-analyzer. Serum ferritin was used to evaluate iron status in the study. Serum ferritin was assessed using the direct chemiluminescence method using MINI VIDAS which is a compact automated immunoassay system based on the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) principles. Results: Overall, Anemia (low Hb) and ID (low s. ferritin) was observed in 65.9% and 27.1% respectively. Out of anemic participants, about 38.2% reported ID while the remaining 61.8% had normal s. ferritin (i.e. non-iron deficient anemia). Anemia was reported 69.1% in AN women and 57.1% in PN women. The ID was reported higher (30.9%) in AN woman than PN women (17.1%). However, the prevalence of anemia, as well as IDA decreased from the first to the third trimester. Conclusion: Two out of every three women were anemic; one out of four were anemic with depleted iron storage. Importantly, two out of five women had anemia but iron storage was sufficient. Strategy to prevent and correct anemia must include screening for iron and non-iron deficiency anemia and follow appropriate treatment protocol for both types of anemia.

show abstract

Iron Deficiency Is the Strongest Predictor of Anemia in Indian Adolescents Aged 10–19 years: Evidence from the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India

Characterisation of anaemia amongst school going adolescent girls in rural Haryana, India

Non-iron Deficiency Anemia in Rural Indian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Scoping into Non Iron Deficiency Anemia: Reflection from the Rural India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About