Iron Age societies at work

Fernández-Götz, Manuel; Liceras‐Garrido, Raquel

doi:10.4324/9781351167727-12

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Late Iron Age communities comprised both hierarchical and heterarchical networks (Fernández-Götz & Liceras-Garrido, 2019). Hierarchy has been equated (sometimes explicitly, often implicitly) with masculine power; thus, the models of emerging social complexity and its articulation have made women mostly invisible, ignoring potential complementary sources of influence and power (Levy, 2019).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks: An Iron Age With Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Late Iron Age Women in the Iberian Northern Meseta

Liceras‐Garrido

2022

Eur. j. archaeol

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The Late Iron Age has traditionally been portrayed as an age of swords, Celtic-patterned shields, and bronze cauldrons, a time of warfare, banquets, and raids, mostly starring male warriors. But what do we know about the rest of the population, especially women? Is it possible, based on the same data, to uncover an alternative narrative that includes women? This article focuses on the northern Meseta of Iberia, an area with a long research tradition, in which women are almost invisible in accounts of the Iron Age. Drawing on a range of archaeological and textual evidence, this study brings the roles of women to the forefront, offering a critique of traditional research discourses and a discussion on how Iron Age societies worked from a gender-inclusive perspective.

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Section: Concluding Remarks: An Iron Age With Womenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Perspective on Late Iron Age Women in the Iberian Northern Meseta

Liceras‐Garrido

2022

Eur. j. archaeol

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“…A point of confluence between Iron Age evidence across Europe and historical/ethnographic references seems to be the crucial role of assemblies as pivotal arenas for the social negotiation required to solve disputes, address internal tensions and strengthen ties of solidarity and collective identity (Fernández‐Götz 2014c; Karl 2015; Fernández‐Götz and Liceras‐Garrido 2019a; 2019b). These cross‐cutting institutions ranged from the family to the ethnos; each had different competencies, composition, specific meeting place and dates.…”

Section: Collective Identitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, some papers have addressed this topic exploring concepts, such as ethnicity, kinships, neighbours, reciprocity, solidarity, etc. using references from ethnography or medieval examples (Karl 2008; 2015; Torres‐Martínez 2014; Fernández‐Götz and Liceras‐Garrido 2019a; 2019b).…”

Section: Relationships Between and Inside Territoriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

INSIDE OPPIDA TERRITORIES: THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE IBERIAN EASTERN MESETA (CENTRAL SPAIN)

Liceras‐Garrido

2022

Oxford J Archaeology

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Summary Since the beginning of Iron Age archaeology, urban agglomerations have dominated the debate on urbanism. The rural settlements – their types, functions and socio‐political dynamics – have been practically absent from the general discussion. The territorial backdrop of the Late Iron Age communities can provide both a new comparative framework in which to approach urban studies and essential keys to understanding how these societies worked. Developed from recent research into the oppida territories of the Eastern Meseta in central Spain, this paper presents a territorial overview that includes a characterization of the rural settlement, population figures and the role of urban centres as a proxy for territorial identities. This work also explores the network of relationships between oppida and between urban‐rural areas. In conclusion, this article argues that examining the rural‐urban settlement as a whole will lead us to a better understanding of the urban dynamics of the first millennium BC.

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“…The identification of cemeteries with elite burials in the environs of the central places suggests that the interred persons assumed political and administrative functions. Characteristic for the elite burials are richly-equipped, wooden chamber tombs, which were furnished with golden objects, wagons, horse gear, and bronze vessels (Burmeister 2000;Müller 2006;Fernández-Götz 2017;Fernández-Götz 2015).…”

Section: Xmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Social Inequality. A Quantitative Study of Neolithic to Early Medieval Societies in Southwest Germany

Grossmann¹

2021

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Social inequality is a subject of contemporary concerns. Life capabilities and the access to resources vary significantly in rich and poor countries, between elites and others. Furthermore, inequalities based on bio-anthropological and non-bio-anthropological causes are almost universal. Accordingly, inequality was also inherent in past societies and archaeologists have continually examined and interpreted social inequalities in sources such as burial grounds. This book continues such analyses with a new multi-proxy approach. It reveals social inequalities in selected past burial grounds from Southwestern Germany. The burial grounds date to the Early Neolithic (Schwetzingen), the Final Neolithic (Lauda-Königshofen), the Early Bronze Age (Singen), the Early Iron Age (Magdalenenbergle), and the Early Medieval period (Horb-Altheim). The challenge was to identify hierarchical and heterarchical differences and inequalities within the burial grounds based on a multitude of different proxies. The examination encompasses variations in the distribution of grave goods, burial pit sizes, as well as bio-anthropological and isotope data. Furthermore, spatial analyses of burial grounds and, in particular, on the distances between the graves play an essential role in this examination. The results reveal social inequalities among and within genders and age cohorts that are differently pronounced in the respective cemeteries. Furthermore, the results of multi-proxy analyses lead to the interpretation that the sites differ concerning the respective degrees of inequality and power strategy modes. In detail, it can be observed that the Early Iron Age and the Early Bronze Age sites demonstrate a relatively high degree of inequality as compared to the other sites. More specifically, the investigation of sites from the Early Iron Age and the Final Neolithic rather reveal a network-based power strategy, whereas sites from the Early Neolithic, the Early Bronze Age and the Early Medieval period tend to show a corporate-based power strategy.

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Iron Age societies at work

Cited by 5 publications

References 1 publication

A Perspective on Late Iron Age Women in the Iberian Northern Meseta

A Perspective on Late Iron Age Women in the Iberian Northern Meseta

INSIDE OPPIDA TERRITORIES: THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE IBERIAN EASTERN MESETA (CENTRAL SPAIN)

Insights into Social Inequality. A Quantitative Study of Neolithic to Early Medieval Societies in Southwest Germany

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