Iron Absorption and Bioavailability in Rats of Micronized Dispersible Ferric Pyrophosphate

Abstract

Unlike commercial ferric pyrophosphate, micronized dispersible ferric pyrophosphate (MDFP: Sun-Active Fe) does not precipitate and is completely dispersible in liquid form. MDFP shows a sharp particle size distribution at a nanometer level, which is several times smaller than that of commercial ferric pyrophosphate. The bioavailability of MDFP was compared to ferric pyrophosphate, sodium ferrous citrate, and ferrous sulfate by three bioavailability tests in rats; namely the serum iron concentration curve, the hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, and Association of Official Analytical Chemists' hemoglobin repletion test. The high area under curve value, a lag in peak time, and continued high serum iron concentration by MDFP over the other iron compounds indicates a sustained release of iron in the serum iron concentration curve method. MDFP showed the highest hemoglobin regeneration efficiency among all the iron compounds tested. The relative biological value of MDFP per unit of ferrous sulfate in each bioavailability test showed a high value as compared to other iron compounds. The above results suggest that MDFP is an ideal compound with high bioavailability for iron fortification in various liquid applications.

Zinc Bioavailability Is Improved by the Micronised Dispersion of Zinc Oxide with the Addition of L-Histidine in Zinc-Deficient Rats

“…Particle size has previously been shown to have a positive influence on iron absorption. Motzok et al (21) found about a three-fold increase in bioavailability of reduced iron by reducing the particular size from 24-40 m to 7-10 m. Similar observations were also reported for electrolytic iron powder (24), ferric orthophosphate (24) and micronised dispersible ferric pyrophosphate (12). Concerning zinc compounds, decreasing MPS would increase zinc solubility, as observed in iron (20) and calcium (25).…”

“…The lag in peak time and the sustained release of zinc from MDZnO is probably a consequence of encapsulation with emulsifiers. In a previous study concerning iron (12), the lag in peak time and the sustained release of iron were observed after the oral administration of micronised disperisible ferric pyrophosphate to rats. The peak times of serum iron level were between 30 and 60 min after the oral administration of ferric pyrophosphate, sodium ferrous citrate, and ferrous sulfate.…”

“…Micronised dispersible ferric pyrophosphate has less "iron taste" compared to soluble iron and the formation of agglomerates is avoided by adding emulsifiers. The high area under the curve value, a lag in peak time and continued high serum iron concentration were observed in rats after the oral administration of micronised dispersible ferric pyrophosphate compared to ferric pyrophosphate, sodium ferrous citrate and ferrous sulfate ( 12 ). Micronised dispersible ferric pyrophosphate is well absorbed as ferrous sulfate in adults ( 13 ).…”

“…In this study, we hypothesized that, similar to the observation of micronised dispersible ferric pyrophosphate in men ( 13 ) and rats ( 12 ), oral administrations of MDZnO would result in highly increased bioavailability and tissue concentration of zinc compared to the administration of ZnO. We estimated the solubility of MDZnO in an in vitro study using an artificial gastric solution, since the bioavailability of a trace element highly depends on its solubility ( 14 , 15 ).…”

Recovery from dietary iron deficiency anaemia in rats by the intake of microencapsulated ferric saccharate

“…In the present study, we compared the bioavailability of a microencapsulated ferric saccharate form (MFS), trademarked as AB-Fortis Ò (AB-Biotics S.A, Spain), to that of ferrous sulphate. Ferrous sulphate was chosen as a positive control because it is commonly used as a standard in iron bioavailability studies due to its good bioavailability (Jeppsen and Borzelleca 1999;Lysionek et al 2003;Sakaguchi et al 2004). MFS is a patented micro-encapsulated preparation consisting of a calcium alginate matrix that holds and protects a salt of Fe 3?…”