IrO2 coated TiO2 core-shell microparticles advance performance of low loading proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Pham, Chuyen Van; Bühler, Melanie; Knöppel, Julius; Bierling, Markus; Seeberger, Dominik; Escalera‐López, Daniel; Mayrhofer, Karl Johann Jakob; Cherevko, Serhiy; Thiele, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2020.118762

Cited by 124 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…48 Scanning flow cell experiments (SFC) at constant current and a resulting voltage of 1.6 V with the same catalyst as used in this study showed an Ir dissolution 6 times higher than what was found in the TST. 46,47 However, Ti dissolution was found to be 2 orders of magnitude higher in the SFC experiment than under the influence of pure thermal stress in the TST. Voltage appears to be a higher stressor for anode CL nanoparticles than temperature, especially for the TiO 2 support.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding Degradation Effects of Elevated Temperature Operating Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzers

Garbe

Futter

Agarwal

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The cost of polymer electrolyte water electrolysis (PEWE) is dominated by the price of electricity used to power the water splitting reaction. We present a liquid water fed polymer electrolyte water electrolyzer cell operated at a cell temperature of 100°C in comparison to a cell operated at state-of-the-art operation temperature of 60°C over a 300 h constant current period. The hydrogen conversion efficiency increases by up to 5% at elevated temperature and makes green hydrogen cheaper. However, temperature is a stress factor that accelerates degradation causes in the cell. The PEWE cell operated at a cell temperature of 100°C shows a 5 times increased cell voltage loss rate compared to the PEWE cell at 60°C. The initial performance gain was found to be consumed after a projected operation time of 3,500 h. Elevated temperature operation is only viable if a voltage loss rate of less than 5.8 μV h −1 can be attained. The major degradation phenomena that impact performance loss at 100°C are ohmic (49%) and anode kinetic losses (45%). Damage to components was identified by post-test electron-microscopic analysis of the catalyst coated membrane and measurement of cation content in the drag water. The chemical decomposition of the ionomer increases by a factor of 10 at 100°C vs 60°C. Failure by short circuit formation was estimated to be a failure mode after a projected lifetime 3,700 h. At elevated temperature and differential pressure operation hydrogen gas cross-over is limiting since a content of 4% hydrogen in oxygen represents the lower explosion limit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Understanding Degradation Effects of Elevated Temperature Operating Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzers

Garbe

Futter

Agarwal

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…However, the intensity of the Ti 3+ peak decreased after IrO 2 loading on BTO, as seen in the IrO 2 −BTO spectrum (Figure 2a) [2,13]. The broad binding energy band of Ir 4f was observed for both IrO 2 −BTO and IrO 2 (Figure 2a,b) [36,37]. The band located at approximately 63.87 eV and 66.94 eV are demonstrated to the binding energy of Ir (IV) of IrO 2 , and the band located at 62.32 eV and 65.67 eV are ascribed to the binding energy of Ir (III), which indicates the presence of multi-chemical states of Ir, including Ir (III) and Ir (IV) species in the oxidized zone [38].…”

Section: Structural Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 86%

Covalently Bonded Ir(IV) on Conducted Blue TiO2 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media

Nguyen

Tran

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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The stability of anode electrode has been a primary obstacle for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acid media. We design Ir-oxygen of hydroxyl-rich blue TiO2 through covalent bonds (Ir–O2–2Ti) and investigate the outcome of favored exposure of different amounts of covalent Ir–oxygen linked to the conductive blue TiO2 in the acidic OER. The Ir-oxygen-blue TiO2 nanoclusters show a strong synergy in terms of improved conductivity and tiny amount usage of Ir by using blue TiO2 supporter, and enhanced stability using covalent Ir-oxygen-linking (i.e., Ir oxide) in acid media, leading to high acidic OER performance with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 342 mV, which is much higher than that of IrO2 at 438 mV in 0.1 M HClO4 electrolyte. Notably, the Ir–O2–2Ti has a great mass activity of 1.38 A/mgIr at an overpotential 350 mV, which is almost 27 times higher than the mass activity of IrO2 at the same overpotential. Therefore, our work provides some insight into non-costly, highly enhanced, and stable electrocatalysts for the OER in acid media.

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“…This system has been further improved by various metal-support combinations with mechanistic studies, [339] morphology controls, [340] surface treatments, [341,342] and selection of various oxides. [343][344][345] In addition to the stabilization effect on active metal nanoparticles, there have been many reports on the promotive effects of metal oxide supports in the increased reaction kinetics, such as in methanol oxidation reaction (MOR). [346] Various multimetallic catalysts showed enhanced performance in combination with different oxide supports, which has been explained by two main reasons.…”

Section: Nanoparticle-support Interaction By the Electronic Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noble Metal‐Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications

et al. 2021

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Noble metal-based multimetallic nanoparticles (NMMNs) have attracted great attention for their multifunctional and synergistic effects, which offer numerous catalytic applications. Combined experimental and theoretical studies have enabled formulation of various design principles for tuning the electrocatalytic performance through controlling size, composition, morphology, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Despite significant advancements in the field, the chemical synthesis of NMMNs with ideal characteristics for catalysis, including high activity, stability, product-selectivity, and scalability is still challenging. This review provides an overview on structure-based classification and the general synthesis of NMMN electrocatalysts. Furthermore, postsynthetic treatments, such as the removal of surfactants to optimize the activity, and utilization of NMMNs onto suitable support for practical electrocatalytic applications are highlighted. In the end, future direction and challenges associated with the electrocatalysis of NMMNs are covered.

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IrO2 coated TiO2 core-shell microparticles advance performance of low loading proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers

Cited by 124 publications

References 47 publications

Understanding Degradation Effects of Elevated Temperature Operating Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzers

Understanding Degradation Effects of Elevated Temperature Operating Conditions in Polymer Electrolyte Water Electrolyzers

Covalently Bonded Ir(IV) on Conducted Blue TiO2 for Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Acid Media

Noble Metal‐Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications

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