Noble Metal‐Based Multimetallic Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Applications

Abstract

Noble metal-based multimetallic nanoparticles (NMMNs) have attracted great attention for their multifunctional and synergistic effects, which offer numerous catalytic applications. Combined experimental and theoretical studies have enabled formulation of various design principles for tuning the electrocatalytic performance through controlling size, composition, morphology, and crystal structure of the nanoparticles. Despite significant advancements in the field, the chemical synthesis of NMMNs with ideal characteristics for catalysis, including high activity, stability, product-selectivity, and scalability is still challenging. This review provides an overview on structure-based classification and the general synthesis of NMMN electrocatalysts. Furthermore, postsynthetic treatments, such as the removal of surfactants to optimize the activity, and utilization of NMMNs onto suitable support for practical electrocatalytic applications are highlighted. In the end, future direction and challenges associated with the electrocatalysis of NMMNs are covered.

Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Porous Multifaceted Platinum Nanoparticles for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions

“…Transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged during the past decades, displaying manifold potential applications in different fields such as catalysis, , nanomedicine, , and sensing. − Among all, platinum is of great interest and widely used because of its properties, such as high corrosion resistance and excellent hydrogen and oxygen adsorption capacity, exploited mainly in homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis; − therefore, much effort has been dedicated to the preparation of improved platinum-based NPs. It is well established that platinum NPs activity, as well as all metal-based nanomaterial activity, is mainly attributed to the composition, large surface area, and abundance of low coordination number sites . In addition, defects (i.e., vacancies) , and the nature of crystallographic planes − also affect the activity of heterogeneous catalysts.…”

Assembly of Alloyed PdCu Nanosheets and Their Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol

“…In response to the worldwide fossil fuel shortage, climate challenges, and ever-increasing environmental issues, developing high-performance energy storage and conversion devices has become more urgent. − Electrochemical oxidation of liquid fuels is considered a significant step in converting chemical energy into electric energy for sustainable and renewable energy applications. − Among them, ethanol has high energy density (6.34 kWh L –1 ) and possesses a high boiling point for safe storage in transportation and large-scale commercial applications. , Moreover, ethanol can be produced inexpensively by biological fermentation and easily applied to the existing infrastructures . Direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) with the advantages of (i) high energy density, (ii) easy storage, (iii) low or zero-emission, and (iv) low operating temperature are widely recognized as a green power source for portable electronic devices. − To improve the mass activity and stability toward ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), most reports have focused on designing and synthesizing efficient and stable catalysts. − …”

Sequential galvanic replacement mediated Pd-doped hollow Ru–Te nanorods for enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction mass activity in alkaline media

“…14,15 Specifically, alloy nanoparticles, pseudo-noble metal nanoparticles considering the arrangement and miscibility of constituent elements, and high-entropy nanoparticles have recently been in the spotlight. [16][17][18] The manufacture of complex metal nanostructures such as anisotropic, hollow, and cage nanostructures is easily achieved through post-synthetic transformation methods, galvanic replacement, 19,20 or ion exchange reactions. 21,22 These strategies proceed readily through spontaneous redox reactions due to the difference in the relative reduction potential between the template and replacing element or by site replacement.…”

“…14,15 Specifically, alloy nanoparticles, pseudo-noble metal nanoparticles considering the arrangement and miscibility of constituent elements, and high-entropy nanoparticles have recently been in the spotlight. 16–18…”