Irisin stimulates muscle growth-related genes and regulates adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in humans

Huh, Joo Young; Dincer, Fadime; Mesfum, Ertirea Tesfamariam; Mantzoros, Christos S.

doi:10.1038/ijo.2014.42

Cited by 233 publications

(213 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results suggest a connection between myostatin and irisin that could exert a combined action in the same direction. Supporting these findings, a recent study in human adypocites demonstrates that irisin treatment increases IGF-1 and decreases myostatin mRNA levels, the two main factors for muscle growth [26]. All these findings suggest a muscle-fat crosstalk through the connection between myostatin and irisin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?

et al. 2015

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Myostatin and irisin are two myokines related to energy metabolism, acting on skeletal muscle and recently suggested on adipose tissue in mice. However, the exact role of these myokines in humans has not been fully established. Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and non-diabetic controls and to explore its links with metabolic parameters. Case-control study including 73 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 55 non-diabetic subjects as control group. Circulating myostatin and irisin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients showed significantly lower myostatin levels (p = 0.001) and higher irisin levels (p = 0.036) than controls. An inverse relationship was observed between myostatin and irisin levels (p = 0.002). Moreover, in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, after adjusting by confounder factors, myostatin was negatively related to fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.005) and to triglyceride levels (p = 0.028) while irisin showed a positive association with these variables (p = 0.017 and p = 0.006 respectively). A linear regression analysis showed that irisin and fasting plasma glucose levels were independently associated to myostatin levels and that myostatin and triglyceride levels were independently associated to irisin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Our results suggest that serum levels of myostatin and irisin are related in patients with type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride and glucose levels could modulate myostatin and irisin concentrations as a compensatory mechanism to improve the metabolic state in these patients although further studies are needed to elucidate whether the action of these myokines represents an adaptative response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, Irisin treatment significantly upregulated insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and decreased myostatin gene expression through ERK pathway [33]. Notably, Irisin and its precursor FNDC5 expression in muscle were also found to be increased in myostatin knockout mice [34••].…”

Section: Irisin and The Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone Via the Muscle-Myokine Irisin

Colaianni

Mongelli

Colucci

et al. 2016

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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Several lines of evidence have recently established that skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ producing and releasing myokines acting in a paracrine or endocrine fashion. Among these, the newly identified myokine Irisin, produced by skeletal muscle after physical exercise, was originally described as molecule able to promote energy expenditure in white adipose tissue. Recently, it has been shown that the myokine Irisin affects skeletal metabolism in vivo. Thus, mice treated with a micro-dose of r-Irisin displayed improved cortical bone mass, geometry and strength, resembling the effect of physical activity in developing an efficient load-bearing skeleton. Further studies highlighted the autocrine effect of Irisin on skeletal muscle, and research performed in humans has definitively established that Irisin is a circulating hormone-like myokine, increased by physical activity. Albeit there are still few, since Irisin has been very recently discovered, herein are summarized the most relevant research findings published on this topic.

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“…Irisin treatment significantly increased insulinlike growth factor 1 which is correlated with insulin sensitivity in human myocytes. 8 In human adipocytes, irisin induced uncoupling protein 1 and consequently increased adipocyte energy expenditure, resulting in the inhibition of lipid accumulation. 8 Subjects with higher irisin concentrations at baseline showed a greater reduction of glucose and insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment index after dietary intervention for eight weeks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8 In human adipocytes, irisin induced uncoupling protein 1 and consequently increased adipocyte energy expenditure, resulting in the inhibition of lipid accumulation. 8 Subjects with higher irisin concentrations at baseline showed a greater reduction of glucose and insulin concentrations and the homeostasis model assessment index after dietary intervention for eight weeks. 9 Circulating irisin concentrations were inversely correlated with fasting blood glucose (FBG).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of irisin concentrations with the presence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy

Wang

et al. 2015

Ann Clin Biochem

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Objective: Irisin, a recently identified myokine, is involved in the protection of mice against obesity and diabetes. This study aims to determine the serum and vitreous concentrations of irisin in patients with diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Methods: A total of 178 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as 22 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy and 35 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were enrolled in this study. Results: Serum irisin concentrations were significantly elevated in the control group compared with those in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with macroalbuminuria exhibited significantly lower serum irisin concentrations than the controls and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with normoalbuminuria and microalbuminuria. Simple regression analysis showed that the serum irisin concentrations in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were negatively correlated with age, fasting plasma glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and positively correlated with creatinine clearance and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers treatment. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients showed significantly decreased serum and vitreous irisin concentrations compared with the control group and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, decreased serum and vitreous irisin concentrations were found in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy than those in the controls. Conclusion: Irisin concentrations are associated with the presence of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy.

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Irisin stimulates muscle growth-related genes and regulates adipocyte differentiation and metabolism in humans

Abstract: These results suggest that irisin/FNDC5 has a pleiotropic role in muscle and improvement of adipocyte metabolism in humans.

Cited by 233 publications

References 31 publications

Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?

Relationship between myostatin and irisin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a compensatory mechanism to an unfavourable metabolic state?

Crosstalk Between Muscle and Bone Via the Muscle-Myokine Irisin

Association of irisin concentrations with the presence of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy

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