Irigasi Kecil: Kinerja, Masalah, dan Solusinya

Abstract

Irrigation facilities is one of the key factors in farming, especially for food crop farming, including rice. A smallscale irrigation system has an area of less than 500 hectares, and it is the backbone of family food security which in turn will lead to national food security. Damage irrigation system networks will threaten food production increase. In the future, irrigation infrastructure must be better managed so that agricultural sector can realize agricultural diversification, conserve wider irrigation system and maintain local wisdom and social capital in irrigation management. The objective of the paper is to analyze performance, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in Indonesia, including small irrigation concepts and understanding, small irrigation performance and development, small irrigation development policies, factors affecting smallscale irrigation development, investments, and prospects. The paper also compares various performances, problems and solutions of small irrigation systems in other countries. Small scale irrigation performance is often better than large-scale irrigation, in the sense of water availability throughout the year and equitable water distribution for all service areas. Keywords: small scale irrigation, performance, roles, prospects ABSTRAKSarana irigasi merupakan faktor penting dalam usaha tani khususnya tanaman pangan. Sistem irigasi kecil dengan luas oncoran kurang dari 500 ha merupakan tulang punggung ketahanan pangan keluarga yang pada gilirannya bermuara pada ketahanan pangan tingkat nasional. Kerusakan jaringan sistem irigasi akan mengancam peningkatan produksi pangan. Di masa yang akan datang, infrastruktur irigasi harus dikelola secara lebih baik agar sektor pertanian dapat mewujudkan diversifikasi pertanian, semakin luasnya konservasi sistem irigasi, serta kearifan lokal dan modal sosial dalam pengelolaan irigasi dapat terpelihara. Tulisan ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja, masalah dan solusi sistem irigasi kecil di Indonesia, termasuk konsep dan pengertian irigasi kecil, kinerja dan perkembangan irigasi kecil, kebijakan pengembangan irigasi kecil, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengembangan investasi irigasi kecil, dan prospek pengembangan irigasi kecil. Dalam tulisan ini juga dibandingkan berbagai kinerja, masalah dan solusi dari sistem irigasi kecil di negera-negara lain. Kinerja irigasi kecil seringkali lebih baik dari irigasi skala besar, dalam arti ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dan terdapat keadilan pembagian air untuk seluruh wilayah oncorannya.

Improvement of Tertiary Irrigation Networks, Changes in Cropping Patterns, and Increasing Cropping Index at Kendal Indonesia

“…The irrigation system includes irrigation infrastructure, irrigation water, irrigation management, irrigation management institutions, and human resources [6]. The Important infrastructure to support the availability of water is the irrigation network.…”

“…The rehabilitation of irrigation networks to optimize the water resources is mainly to support the establishment of food security, increase added value, and at the same time increase farmers' welfare [13]. The Indonesian government has rehabilitated the irrigation network with the realization of around 3.05 million hectares of rice fields that are spread across all agricultural areas in Indonesia [6].…”

“…The deterioration of the irrigation system network will threaten the increase in food production [6]. Restoration of damaged irrigation networks covering an area of 3 million ha or 52% of the total irrigation area, can expand irrigation services to increase the cropping index by 0.3 or more [8].…”

“…The network restoration is gradually carried out by the government and farmer groups. Irrigation management requires institutions, namely, management, members, and various accompanying regulations to be efficient in their use and remain sustainable [6]. The results of research in Central Sulawesi Indonesia recommend a more efficient and useful technology in dealing with climate change in food crop production to increase farmers' knowledge, provide user-oriented features, and various institutions to provide collaborative programs in facing the challenges of climate change [15]…”

Desain Sistem Manajemen Aset untuk Jaringan Irigasi Tersier

“…Salah satu upaya pemeliharaan adalah dengan rehabilitasi. Meski demikian, Purwantini & Suhaeti (2017) menyatakan bahwa walaupun rehabilitasi sarana irigasi terus dilakukan, namun belum signifikan mengatasi kerusakan tersebut.…”