Iridoids of Chemotaxonomy Relevance, a New Antirrhinoside Ester and Other Constituents from Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern.

Abstract

In this work, the secondary metabolite content of the EtOH extract of Kickxia spuria subsp. integrifolia (Brot.) R.Fern. is reported. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified by means of column chromatography and NMR and MS instrumental techniques, respectively. Among the identified compounds, the chemotaxonomic markers of the species were evidenced, whereas others were reported for the first time in the genus. Among these, a new antirrhinoside derivative (12) was recognized. The iridoid content showed a molecular pattern very similar to those reported for other taxa comprised in the Antirrhinae tribe of Plantaginaceae, thus providing an additional evidence that supports the current botanical classification of the Kickxia genus. Anyway, most of the recognized components are able to exert important pharmacological properties which might suggest the possible employment of also this species in traditional medicine just like it happens for some other species of the Kickxia genus.

Chemical Composition, Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils of Cultivated Clones of Juniperus communis and Wild Juniperus Species

“…communis cultivated clones with the wild Juniper species. Sixty‐one diverse volatile components were detected in examined samples ( Table ) . The quantification data obtained from GC accounted 82.5 – 95.7% of the total EOs.…”

“…The major oxygenated monoterpenes detected were cis ‐sabinene hydrate and 4‐terpineol. The oxygenated sesquiterpenes were found as τ ‐cadinol and α ‐cedrol ( Table ) …”

“…Detailed description for C‐1, C‐2, C‐3, C‐4, C‐5, C‐6, C‐7, JC, JR and JI presented in Table . [c] RI: Retention indices; MS: mass spectra in electronic impact and major compounds confirmed using 13C‐NMR . Values are given as mean ± standard deviation ( n = 3).…”

“…On the basis of TLC profiles, similar fractions were combined to obtain 14 major fractions. The confirmation of major volatile components ( α ‐pinene, sabinene, β ‐myrcene, limonene, cis ‐sabinene hydrate, α ‐terpinolene, linalool and 4‐terpineol) were further accomplished by 13 C‐ (150 MHz) and 1 H‐NMR (600 MHz), DEPT, HSQC and HMBC on Bruker Avance instrument, using CDCl 3 ( Table ) by comparing with those of references ( Supporting Information ).…”

“…The characterization of volatile components were based on the calculation of their GC retention index (RI) relative to n ‐alkanes (C 9 – C 24 ) on ZB‐5MS capillary column and using library search of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database, as well as matching their RI and mass spectra with literature data . Major EOs components were reconfirmed by applying NMR experimental methodology reported previously in the literature regarding identification of molecules in a mixture ( Supporting Information ).…”