IRES Elements: Issues, Controversies and Evolutionary Perspectives

Francisco‐Velilla, Rosario; Lozano, Gloria; Díaz-Toledano, Rosa; Fernandez-Chamorro, Javier; Embarek, Azman M.; Martínez‐Salas, Encarnación

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-39468-8_22

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…This capability was discovered in picornaviruses in the late 1980s, 78,79 followed by other viral families, including human viruses, such as HCV, animal classic swine fever virus (CSFV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and insect viruses. 80 The finding in picornaviruses led to the rapid identification of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in cellular capped mRNAs, and the list expanded, especially to mRNAs coding for cell regulatory responses, that is, stress response and viral infection conditions. 81 In addition to several canonical translation initiation factors, cellular IRESs require IRES trans-acting factors to function.…”

Section: Viral Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was thought that unlike translation initiation in prokaryotes, eukaryotic mRNAs required a cap in the 5' position and that the ribosome could not bind the mRNA internally. This capability was discovered in picornaviruses in the late 1980s, 78,79 followed by other viral families, including human viruses, such as HCV, animal classic swine fever virus (CSFV), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and insect viruses 80 . The finding in picornaviruses led to the rapid identification of internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) in cellular capped mRNAs, and the list expanded, especially to mRNAs coding for cell regulatory responses, that is, stress response and viral infection conditions 81 .…”

Section: Hidden Structures and Activities Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viruses as archaeological tools for uncovering ancient molecular relationships

Ariza‐Mateos,

Briones,

Perales

et al. 2023

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The entry of a virus into the host cell always implies the alteration of certain intracellular molecular relationships, some of which may involve the recovery of ancient cellular activities. In this sense, viruses are archaeological tools for identifying unexpressed activities in noninfected cells. Among these, activities that hinder virus propagation may represent cellular defense mechanisms, for example, activities that mutagenize the viral genome such as ADAR‐1 or APOBEC activities. Instead, those that facilitate virus propagation can be interpreted as the result of viral adaptation to—or mimicking—cellular structures, enabling the virus to perform anthropomorphic activities, including hijacking, manipulating, and reorganizing cellular factors for their own benefit. The alternative we consider here is that some of these second set of cellular activities were already in the uninfected cell but silenced, under the negative control of the cell or lineage, and that they represent a necessary precondition for viral infection. For example, specifically loading an amino acid at the 3'‐end of the mRNA of some plant viruses by aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases has proved essential for virus infection despite this reaction not occurring with cellular mRNAs. Other activities of this type are discussed here, together with the biological context in which they acquire a coherent meaning, that is, genetic latency and molecular conflict.

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Section: Viral Promotersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hidden Structures and Activities Detectedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses as archaeological tools for uncovering ancient molecular relationships

Ariza‐Mateos,

Briones,

Perales

et al. 2023

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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show abstract

“…Ribosomes are recruited in specific regions of the 5 0 end of the mRNAs, the Internal Ribosomal Entry sites (IRES), originally discovered in viruses [66,67]. Notwithstanding the fact that cellular mRNA IRES activity observed in plasmid-based assays is usually weak, this mechanism is also proposed to exist for eukaryotic mRNAs [68]. IRES elements identified in cellular mRNAs are difficult to classify, as they are all different from one another in sequence and lack a unifying structural motif, which suggests that they may constitute a plastic/flexible cellular response akin to intrinsically disordered proteins [69].…”

Section: Translational Control Of Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Translational control in neurovascular brain development

et al. 2021

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The human brain carries out complex tasks and higher functions and is crucial for organismal survival, as it senses both intrinsic and extrinsic environments. Proper brain development relies on the orchestrated development of different precursor cells, which will give rise to the plethora of mature brain cell-types. Within this process, neuronal cells develop closely to and in coordination with vascular cells (endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes) in a bilateral communication process that relies on neuronal activity, attractive or repulsive guidance cues for both cell types and on tight-regulation of gene expression. Translational control is a master regulator of the gene-expression pathway and in particular for neuronal and ECs, it can be localized in developmentally relevant (axon growth cone, endothelial tip cell) and mature compartments (synapses, axons). Herein, we will review mechanisms of translational control relevant to brain development in neurons and ECs in health and disease.

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IRES Elements: Issues, Controversies and Evolutionary Perspectives

Cited by 2 publications

References 116 publications

Viruses as archaeological tools for uncovering ancient molecular relationships

Viruses as archaeological tools for uncovering ancient molecular relationships

Translational control in neurovascular brain development

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